dreach

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish drech (“face, surface”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /dʲɾʲax/[2]

Noun

dreach m (genitive singular dreacha, nominative plural dreacha)

  1. facial appearance
  2. look, expression
  3. aspect
  4. face

Declension

Declension of dreach (third declension)
bare forms
singular plural
nominative dreach dreacha
vocative a dhreach a dhreacha
genitive dreacha dreach
dative dreach dreacha
forms with the definite article
singular plural
nominative an dreach na dreacha
genitive an dreacha na ndreach
dative leis an dreach
don dreach 		leis na dreacha

Derived terms

Noun

dreach f (genitive singular dreiche)

  1. (literary) front

Declension

Declension of dreach (second declension, no plural)
bare forms
singular
nominative dreach
vocative a dhreach
genitive dreiche
dative dreich
forms with the definite article
singular
nominative an dreach
genitive na dreiche
dative leis an dreich
don dreich

Verb

dreach (present analytic dreachann, future analytic dreachfaidh, verbal noun dreachadh, past participle dreachta)

  1. (transitive) delineate, portray
  2. (transitive, theater) make up

Conjugation

Conjugation of dreach (first conjugation – A)
indicative singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
present dreachaim dreachann tú;
dreachair† 		dreachann sé, sí dreachaimid; dreachann muid dreachann sibh dreachann siad;
dreachaid† 		a dhreachann; a dhreachas dreachtar
past dhreach mé; dhreachas dhreach tú; dhreachais dhreach sé, sí dhreachamar; dhreach muid dhreach sibh; dhreachabhair dhreach siad; dhreachadar a dhreach dreachadh
past habitual dhreachainn /
dreachainn‡ 		dhreachtá /
dreachtᇠ		dhreachadh sé, sí /
dreachadh sé, sí‡ 		dhreachaimis; dhreachadh muid /
dreachaimis‡; dreachadh muid‡ 		dhreachadh sibh /
dreachadh sibh‡ 		dhreachaidís; dhreachadh siad /
dreachaidís‡; dreachadh siad‡ 		a dhreachadh dhreachtaí /
dreachtaí‡
singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
future dreachfaidh mé;
dreachfad 		dreachfaidh tú;
dreachfair† 		dreachfaidh sé, sí dreachfaimid;
dreachfaidh muid 		dreachfaidh sibh dreachfaidh siad;
dreachfaid† 		a dhreachfaidh; a dhreachfas dreachfar
conditional dhreachfainn /
dreachfainn‡ 		dhreachfá /
dreachfᇠ		dhreachfadh sé, sí /
dreachfadh sé, sí‡ 		dhreachfaimis; dhreachfadh muid /
dreachfaimis‡; dreachfadh muid‡ 		dhreachfadh sibh /
dreachfadh sibh‡ 		dhreachfaidís; dhreachfadh siad /
dreachfaidís‡; dreachfadh siad‡ 		a dhreachfadh dhreachfaí /
dreachfaí‡
subjunctive singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
present go ndreacha mé;
go ndreachad† 		go ndreacha tú;
go ndreachair† 		go ndreacha sé, sí go ndreachaimid;
go ndreacha muid 		go ndreacha sibh go ndreacha siad;
go ndreachaid† 		— go ndreachtar
past dá ndreachainn dá ndreachtá dá ndreachadh sé, sí dá ndreachaimis;
dá ndreachadh muid 		dá ndreachadh sibh dá ndreachaidís;
dá ndreachadh siad 		— dá ndreachtaí
imperative singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
— dreachaim dreach dreachadh sé, sí dreachaimis dreachaigí;
dreachaidh† 		dreachaidís — dreachtar
past participle dreachta
verbal noun dreachadh

† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form

Mutation

Mutated forms of dreach
radical lenition eclipsis
dreach dhreach ndreach

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 drech”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 87

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish drech (“face, surface”).[1] The place-naming sense was probably influenced by the Cumbric/Pictish cognate (cf. Welsh drych).[2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /t̪ɾɛx/

Noun

dreach m (genitive singular dreacha, plural dreachan)

  1. draft, version
  2. form, appearance
  3. complexion, hue
  4. (in place-names) an outlook, especially a favourable one

Derived terms

  • mì-dhreach (“deformity, disfiguration; bad look, unpleasant appearance, unpleasant exterior”)

Mutation

Mutation of dreach
radical lenition
dreach dhreach

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 drech”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ James, Alan G (2024), “The Brittonic Language in the Old North - A Guide to the Place-Name Evidence - Guide to the Elements”, in Scottish Place-Name Society‎[1]
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