cruthaigh

Irish

Alternative forms

crothuigh, crothaigh, cruthuigh (obsolete)^[1]

Etymology

From Old Irish cruthaigidir.^[2] By surface analysis, cruth +‎ -igh.

Pronunciation

(Connacht) IPA^(key): /ˈkɾˠuhə/^[3]; (Cois Fharraige) /ˈkɾˠuː/^[4]; (Mayo) /ˈkɾˠufˠiː/^[5]
(Ulster) IPA^(key): /ˈkɾˠuhi(ː)/^[6]

Verb

cruthaigh (present analytic cruthaíonn, future analytic cruthóidh, verbal noun cruthú, past participle cruthaithe)

to form, create
to prove

Conjugation

Conjugation of *cruthaigh* (second conjugation)
indicative	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
indicative	first	second	third	first	second	third	direct relative	autonomous
present	cruthaím	cruthaíonn tú; cruthaír^†	cruthaíonn sé, sí	cruthaímid; cruthaíonn muid	cruthaíonn sibh	cruthaíonn siad; cruthaíd^†	a chruthaíonn; a chruthaíos	cruthaítear
past	chruthaigh mé; chruthaíos	chruthaigh tú; chruthaís	chruthaigh sé, sí	chruthaíomar; chruthaigh muid	chruthaigh sibh; chruthaíobhair	chruthaigh siad; chruthaíodar	a chruthaigh	cruthaíodh
past habitual	chruthaínn / cruthaínn^‡	chruthaíteá / cruthaíteá^‡	chruthaíodh sé, sí / cruthaíodh sé, sí^‡	chruthaímis; chruthaíodh muid / cruthaímis^‡; cruthaíodh muid^‡	chruthaíodh sibh / cruthaíodh sibh^‡	chruthaídís; chruthaíodh / cruthaídís^‡; cruthaíodh siad^‡	a chruthaíodh	chruthaítí / cruthaítí^‡

	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third	direct relative	autonomous
future	cruthóidh mé; cruthód; cruthóchaidh mé^†	cruthóidh tú; cruthóir^†; cruthóchaidh tú^†	cruthóidh sé, sí; cruthóchaidh sé, sí^†	cruthóimid; cruthóidh muid; cruthóchaimid^†; cruthóchaidh muid^†	cruthóidh sibh; cruthóchaidh sibh^†	cruthóidh siad; cruthóid^†; cruthóchaidh siad^†	a chruthóidh; a chruthós; a chruthóchaidh^†; a chruthóchas^†	cruthófar; cruthóchar^†
conditional	chruthóinn; chruthóchainn^† / cruthóinn^‡; cruthóchainn^†^‡	chruthófá; chruthóchthá^† / cruthófá^‡; cruthóchthá^†^‡	chruthódh sé, sí; chruthóchadh sé, sí^† / cruthódh sé, sí^‡; cruthóchadh sé, sí^†^‡	chruthóimis; chruthódh muid; chruthóchaimis^†; chruthóchadh muid^† / cruthóimis^‡; cruthódh muid^‡; cruthóchaimis^†^‡; cruthóchadh muid^†^‡	chruthódh sibh; chruthóchadh sibh^† / cruthódh sibh^‡; cruthóchadh sibh^†^‡	chruthóidís; chruthódh siad; chruthóchaidís^†; chruthóchadh siad^† / cruthóidís^‡; cruthódh siad^‡; cruthóchaidís^†^‡; cruthóchadh siad^†^‡	a chruthódh; a chruthóchadh^†	chruthófaí; chruthóchthaí^† / cruthófaí^‡; cruthóchthaí^†^‡

subjunctive	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
subjunctive	first	second	third	first	second	third	direct relative	autonomous
present	go gcruthaí mé; go gcruthaíod^†	go gcruthaí tú; go gcruthaír^†	go gcruthaí sé, sí	go gcruthaímid; go gcruthaí muid	go gcruthaí sibh	go gcruthaí siad; go gcruthaíd^†	—	go gcruthaítear
past	dá gcruthaínn	dá gcruthaíteá	dá gcruthaíodh sé, sí	dá gcruthaímis; dá gcruthaíodh muid	dá gcruthaíodh sibh	dá gcruthaídís; dá gcruthaíodh siad	—	dá gcruthaítí

imperative	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
imperative	first	second	third	first	second	third	direct relative	autonomous
—	cruthaím	cruthaigh	cruthaíodh sé, sí	cruthaímis	cruthaígí; cruthaídh^†	cruthaídís	—	cruthaítear

past participle	cruthaithe

verbal noun	cruthú

^† archaic or dialect form
^‡ dependent form

Derived terms

cruthaitheoir

Mutation

Mutated forms of *cruthaigh*
radical	lenition	eclipsis
cruthaigh	chruthaigh	gcruthaigh

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

^ “cruthaigh”, in Historical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926, Royal Irish Academy
^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cruthaigidir”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
^ Ó Máille, T. S. (1974), Liosta Focal as Ros Muc [Word List from Rosmuck] (in Irish), Baile Átha Cliath [Dublin]: Irish University Press, →ISBN, page 61
^ de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1977), Gaeilge Chois Fhairrge: An Deilbhíocht [The Irish of Cois Fharraige: Accidence] (in Irish), 2nd edition, Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], § 158 (d), page 65
^ Mhac an Fhailigh, Éamonn (1968), The Irish of Erris, Co. Mayo: A Phonemic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, section 398, page 156
^ Hamilton, John Noel (1974), A Phonetic Study of the Irish of Tory Island, Co. Donegal (Studies in Irish Language and Literature, Department of Celtic, Q.U.B.; vol. 3), Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen’s University Belfast, page 263