cruciarius

From crux (“cross”) +‎ -ārius.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [krʊ.kiˈaː.ri.ʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [kru.t͡ʃiˈaː.ri.us]

cruciārius (feminine cruciāria, neuter cruciārium); first/second-declension adjective (post-classical, rare)

1. of or pertaining to the cross or torture
   • c. 160 CE – c. 225 CE, Tertullian, De praescriptionibus hereticorum 2.1:

     Febrem denique inter ceteros mortiferos et cruciarios exitus erogando homini deputatam neque quia est miramur, est enim, neque quia erogat hominem, ad hoc enim est.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • c. 430 CE – c. 489 CE, Sidonius Apollinaris, Letters 8.6:

     mos est remeaturis decimum quemque captorum per aequales et cruciarias poenas […] ritu necare

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

First/second-declension adjective.

cruciārius m (genitive cruciāriī or cruciārī); second declension

1. one who is crucified; a person undergoing crucifixion
   • c. 27 CE – 66 CE, Petronius, Satyricon 112:

     Itaque unius cruciarii parentes ut viderunt laxatam custodiam, detraxere nocte pendentem supremoque mandaverunt officio.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • c. 37 CE – 41 CE, Seneca the Elder, Controversiae 6.3:

     Eligitur maritus, quem sanus pater dotalem dedisset. Gener tuus ipsis nuptiis crucem meruit. Egregium generum, in quo nihil est gloriosius quam quod inter cruciarios non est!

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (derogatory) a villain, a scoundrel; a gallows bird; one who deserves to be crucified
   • c. 125 CE – 180 CE, Apuleius, Metamorphoses 10.7:

     Nec tantillum cruciarius ille vel fortuna tam magni indicii vel confertae conspectu curiae vel certe noxia conscientia sua deterrimus, quae ipse finxerat, quasi vera adseverare atque adserere incipit: […]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 380 CE – 392 CE, Ammianus Marcellinus, Res Gestae 29.2.9:

     Et quoniam longum est quod cruciarius ille conflavit, hoc unum edisseram, quam praecipiti confidentia patriciatus columina ipsa pulsavit.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Second-declension noun.

¹Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

• crux
• cruciō

• “crŭcĭārĭus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “crŭcĭārĭus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.