clore
French
Etymology
From Middle French clore, from Old French clore, from Latin claudere. Now largely replaced by fermer because of interference with clouer (“to nail”) in certain conjugated forms.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /klɔʁ/
Audio: (file) Audio (France (Toulouse)): (file) Audio (France (Vosges)): (file) Audio (France (Lyon)): (file) Audio (France (Lyon)): (file) Audio (France (Somain)): (file)
Verb
clore (defective)
- (transitive) close (put an end to)
- Le débat est clos. / La discussion est close. ― The discussion is closed.
- 2025 December 27, Julie Carriat, Sandrine Cassini, “Jean-Luc Mélenchon, avec la « nouvelle France », s’empare du terrain de l’identité pour contrer l’extrême droite”, in Le Monde[1]:
- En 2024, la campagne des européennes, marquée par la dénonciation de la guerre à Gaza par la juriste franco-palestinienne Rima Hassan, se clôt sur ce thème.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Conjugation
This verb is not conjugated in certain tenses.
Conjugation of clore (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | clore | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | closant /klo.zɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | clos /klo/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | clos /klo/ |
clos /klo/ |
clôt /klo/ |
closons /klo.zɔ̃/ |
closez /klo.ze/ |
closent /kloz/ |
| imperfect | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| past historic2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| future | clorai /klɔ.ʁe/ |
cloras /klɔ.ʁa/ |
clora /klɔ.ʁa/ |
clorons /klɔ.ʁɔ̃/ |
clorez /klɔ.ʁe/ |
cloront /klɔ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | clorais /klɔ.ʁɛ/ |
clorais /klɔ.ʁɛ/ |
clorait /klɔ.ʁɛ/ |
clorions /klɔ.ʁjɔ̃/ |
cloriez /klɔ.ʁje/ |
cloraient /klɔ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | close /kloz/ |
closes /kloz/ |
close /kloz/ |
closions /klo.zjɔ̃/ |
closiez /klo.zje/ |
closent /kloz/ |
| imperfect2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | clos /klo/ |
— | closons /klo.zɔ̃/ |
closez /klo.ze/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
Further reading
- “clore”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French clore.
Verb
clore
- (transitive) to enclose (surround something with something)
Descendants
- French: clore
Old French
Etymology
Inherited from Latin claudere.
Verb
clore
- to close
- to enclose (with walls, etc.)
- c. 1180, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette:
- Clos de haut mur et de fossé
- Enclosed between high walls and a moat
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of clore (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | clore | avoir clos | |||||
| gerund | en cloant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | cloant | ||||||
| past participle | clos | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | clo | cloz | clot | cloons | cloez | cloent |
| imperfect | clooie, cloeie | clooies, cloeies | clooit, cloeit | cloïiens, cloïens | cloïiez, cloïez | clooient, cloeient | |
| preterite | clos | cloṣis | clost | cloṣimes | cloṣistes | closdrent | |
| future | clorai, clorrai | cloras, clorras | clora, clorra | clorons, clorrons | cloroiz, cloreiz, clorez, clorroiz, clorreiz, clorrez | cloront, clorront | |
| conditional | cloroie, cloreie, clorroie, clorreie | cloroies, cloreies, clorroies, clorreies | cloroit, cloreit, clorroit, clorreit | cloriiens, cloriens, clorriiens, clorriens | cloriiez, cloriez, clorriiez, clorriez | cloroient, cloreient, clorroient, clorreient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | cloe | cloes | cloe | cloons | cloez | cloent |
| imperfect | cloṣisse | cloṣisses | cloṣist | cloṣissons, cloṣissiens | cloṣissoiz, cloṣissez, cloṣissiez | cloṣissent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | clo | — | cloons | cloez | — | ||
Related terms
Descendants
Further reading
- Frédéric Godefroy (1880–1902), “clore”, in Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle […], Paris: F[riedrich] Vieweg; Émile Bouillon, →OCLC.
Portuguese
Verb
clore
- inflection of clorar:
- first/third-person singular present subjunctive
- third-person singular imperative
Spanish
Verb
clore
- inflection of clorar:
- first/third-person singular present subjunctive
- third-person singular imperative