cinn

See also: cinn-

Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Irish cingid,[5] cinnid (“to step, surpass”).

Verb

cinn (present analytic cinneann, future analytic cinnfidh, verbal noun cinneadh, past participle cinnte) (ambitransitive)

  1. (literary) to step
  2. to surpass, overcome [with ar]
  3. to be too much for [with ar]
    Chinn orainn aon dul chun cinn a dhéanadh.
    We failed to make any progress.
Conjugation
Conjugation of cinn (first conjugation – A)
indicative singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
present cinnim cinneann tú;
cinnir† 		cinneann sé, sí cinnimid; cinneann muid cinneann sibh cinneann siad;
cinnid† 		a chinneann; a chinneas cinntear
past chinn mé; chinneas chinn tú; chinnis chinn sé, sí chinneamar; chinn muid chinn sibh; chinneabhair chinn siad; chinneadar a chinn cinneadh
past habitual chinninn /
cinninn‡ 		chinnteá /
cinnteᇠ		chinneadh sé, sí /
cinneadh sé, sí‡ 		chinnimis; chinneadh muid /
cinnimis‡; cinneadh muid‡ 		chinneadh sibh /
cinneadh sibh‡ 		chinnidís; chinneadh siad /
cinnidís‡; cinneadh siad‡ 		a chinneadh chinntí /
cinntí‡
singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
future cinnfidh mé;
cinnfead 		cinnfidh tú;
cinnfir† 		cinnfidh sé, sí cinnfimid;
cinnfidh muid 		cinnfidh sibh cinnfidh siad;
cinnfid† 		a chinnfidh; a chinnfeas cinnfear
conditional chinnfinn /
cinnfinn‡ 		chinnfeá /
cinnfeᇠ		chinnfeadh sé, sí /
cinnfeadh sé, sí‡ 		chinnfimis; chinnfeadh muid /
cinnfimis‡; cinnfeadh muid‡ 		chinnfeadh sibh /
cinnfeadh sibh‡ 		chinnfidís; chinnfeadh siad /
cinnfidís‡; cinnfeadh siad‡ 		a chinnfeadh chinnfí /
cinnfí‡
subjunctive singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
present go gcinne mé;
go gcinnead† 		go gcinne tú;
go gcinnir† 		go gcinne sé, sí go gcinnimid;
go gcinne muid 		go gcinne sibh go gcinne siad;
go gcinnid† 		— go gcinntear
past dá gcinninn dá gcinnteá dá gcinneadh sé, sí dá gcinnimis;
dá gcinneadh muid 		dá gcinneadh sibh dá gcinnidís;
dá gcinneadh siad 		— dá gcinntí
imperative singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
— cinnim cinn cinneadh sé, sí cinnimis cinnigí;
cinnidh† 		cinnidís — cinntear
past participle cinnte
verbal noun cinneadh

† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form

Etymology 2

From Old Irish cinnid (“to define, complete”), from cenn (“head”).[6]

Verb

cinn (present analytic cinneann, future analytic cinnfidh, verbal noun cinneadh, past participle cinnte)

  1. (ambitransitive) to fix, determine, decree, decide
Conjugation
Conjugation of cinn (first conjugation – A)
indicative singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
present cinnim cinneann tú;
cinnir† 		cinneann sé, sí cinnimid; cinneann muid cinneann sibh cinneann siad;
cinnid† 		a chinneann; a chinneas cinntear
past chinn mé; chinneas chinn tú; chinnis chinn sé, sí chinneamar; chinn muid chinn sibh; chinneabhair chinn siad; chinneadar a chinn cinneadh
past habitual chinninn /
cinninn‡ 		chinnteá /
cinnteᇠ		chinneadh sé, sí /
cinneadh sé, sí‡ 		chinnimis; chinneadh muid /
cinnimis‡; cinneadh muid‡ 		chinneadh sibh /
cinneadh sibh‡ 		chinnidís; chinneadh siad /
cinnidís‡; cinneadh siad‡ 		a chinneadh chinntí /
cinntí‡
singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
future cinnfidh mé;
cinnfead 		cinnfidh tú;
cinnfir† 		cinnfidh sé, sí cinnfimid;
cinnfidh muid 		cinnfidh sibh cinnfidh siad;
cinnfid† 		a chinnfidh; a chinnfeas cinnfear
conditional chinnfinn /
cinnfinn‡ 		chinnfeá /
cinnfeᇠ		chinnfeadh sé, sí /
cinnfeadh sé, sí‡ 		chinnfimis; chinnfeadh muid /
cinnfimis‡; cinnfeadh muid‡ 		chinnfeadh sibh /
cinnfeadh sibh‡ 		chinnfidís; chinnfeadh siad /
cinnfidís‡; cinnfeadh siad‡ 		a chinnfeadh chinnfí /
cinnfí‡
subjunctive singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
present go gcinne mé;
go gcinnead† 		go gcinne tú;
go gcinnir† 		go gcinne sé, sí go gcinnimid;
go gcinne muid 		go gcinne sibh go gcinne siad;
go gcinnid† 		— go gcinntear
past dá gcinninn dá gcinnteá dá gcinneadh sé, sí dá gcinnimis;
dá gcinneadh muid 		dá gcinneadh sibh dá gcinnidís;
dá gcinneadh siad 		— dá gcinntí
imperative singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
— cinnim cinn cinneadh sé, sí cinnimis cinnigí;
cinnidh† 		cinnidís — cinntear
past participle cinnte
verbal noun cinneadh

† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Alternative forms

Noun

cinn m

  1. inflection of ceann (“head”):
    1. vocative/genitive singular
    2. nominative/dative plural

Mutation

Mutated forms of cinn
radical lenition eclipsis
cinn chinn gcinn

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Breatnach, Risteard B. (1947), The Irish of Ring, Co. Waterford: A Phonetic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, section 159, page 34
  2. ^ Ó Cuív, Brian (1968), The Irish of West Muskerry, Co. Cork: A Phonetic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, section 132, page 38; reprinted 1988
  3. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931), Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 45, page 24
  4. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 170
  5. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 cingid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  6. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 cinnid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading

Middle Irish

Noun

cinn

  1. inflection of cenn:
    1. genitive singular
    2. nominative plural

Mutation

Mutation of cinn
radical lenition nasalization
cinn chinn cinn
pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Middle Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Old English

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *kinnu (“chin”).

Compare Old Frisian zin, Old Saxon, Old Dutch, and Old High German kinni, Old Norse kinn, Gothic 𐌺𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌿𐍃 (kinnus) and Latin gena, Ancient Greek γένυς (génus), Welsh gen, Tocharian A śanweṃ, Old Armenian ծնաւտ (cnawt), Lithuanian žandas, Persian چانه (čâne), Sanskrit हनु (hánu).

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /t͡ʃinn/, [t͡ʃin]

Noun

ċinn n

  1. chin
Declension

Strong a-stem:

singular plural
nominative ċinn ċinn
accusative ċinn ċinn
genitive ċinnes ċinna
dative ċinne ċinnum
Descendants
  • Middle English: chyn, chin, chinne, chynne, shyne, schyn
    • English: chin
    • Scots: chin, chyn

Etymology 2

See cynn.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kinn/, [kin]

Noun

cinn n

  1. alternative form of cynn

Old Irish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkʲin̠ʲ/

Noun

cinn

  1. genitive singular of cenn (“head”)

Mutation

Mutation of cinn
radical lenition nasalization
cinn chinn cinn
pronounced with /ɡʲ-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kʲʰiːɲ/
  • (Lewis) IPA(key): [kʲʰẽ̠ĩɲ][1]

Etymology 1

From the root of cineal (“progeny, offspring”).

Verb

cinn (past chinn, future cinnidh, verbal noun cinntinn, past participle cinnte)

  1. grow
  2. increase, multiply
  3. prosper

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

cinn m

  1. inflection of ceann:
    1. genitive singular
    2. nominative plural

Mutation

Mutation of cinn
radical lenition
cinn chinn

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Oftedal, M. (1956), A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap

Further reading

  • Edward Dwelly (1911), “cinn”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
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