ciap

Irish

Alternative forms

  • ciapaigh

Etymology

Said by Breatnach to be from Middle English kepen (“to desire, keep, protect”)[1] though the semantic connection is unclear.

Verb

ciap (present analytic ciapann, future analytic ciapfaidh, verbal noun ciapadh, past participle ciaptha)

  1. (transitive) harass, annoy
  2. (transitive) torment

Conjugation

Conjugation of ciap (first conjugation – B)
indicative singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
present ciapaim ciapann tú;
ciapair† 		ciapann sé, sí ciapaimid; ciapann muid ciapann sibh ciapann siad;
ciapaid† 		a chiapann; a chiapas ciaptar
past chiap mé; chiapas chiap tú; chiapais chiap sé, sí chiapamar; chiap muid chiap sibh; chiapabhair chiap siad; chiapadar a chiap ciapadh
past habitual chiapainn /
ciapainn‡ 		chiaptá /
ciaptᇠ		chiapadh sé, sí /
ciapadh sé, sí‡ 		chiapaimis; chiapadh muid /
ciapadh muid‡ 		chiapadh sibh /
ciapadh sibh‡ 		chiapaidís; chiapadh siad /
ciapaidís‡; ciapadh siad‡ 		a chiapadh chiaptaí /
ciaptaí‡
singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
future ciapfaidh mé;
ciapfad 		ciapfaidh tú;
ciapfair† 		ciapfaidh sé, sí ciapfaimid;
ciapfaidh muid 		ciapfaidh sibh ciapfaidh siad;
ciapfaid† 		a chiapfaidh; a chiapfas ciapfar
conditional chiapfainn /
ciapfainn‡ 		chiapfá /
ciapfᇠ		chiapfadh sé, sí /
ciapfadh sé, sí‡ 		chiapfaimis; chiapfadh muid /
ciapfaimis‡; ciapfadh muid‡ 		chiapfadh sibh /
ciapfadh sibh‡ 		chiapfaidís; chiapfadh siad /
ciapfaidís‡; ciapfadh siad‡ 		a chiapfadh chiapfaí /
ciapfaí‡
subjunctive singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
present go gciapa mé;
go gciapad† 		go gciapa tú;
go gciapair† 		go gciapa sé, sí go gciapaimid;
go gciapa muid 		go gciapa sibh go gciapa siad;
go gciapaid† 		— go gciaptar
past dá gciapainn dá gciaptá dá gciapadh sé, sí dá gciapaimis;
dá gciapadh muid 		dá gciapadh sibh dá gciapaidís;
dá gciapadh siad 		— dá gciaptaí
imperative singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
— ciapaim ciap ciapadh sé, sí ciapaimis ciapaigí;
ciapaidh† 		ciapaidís — ciaptar
past participle ciaptha
verbal noun ciapadh

† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form

Mutation

Mutated forms of ciap
radical lenition eclipsis
ciap chiap gciap

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Breatnach, R. A. (1980), “ia < é in Early Modern Irish loan-words”, in Celtica, volume 13, pages 109–14

Further reading

  • Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927), “ciapaim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 188; reprinted with additions 1996, →ISBN
  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “ciap”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
  • de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959), “ciap”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
  • “ciap”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2026

Polish

Pronunciation

 
  • IPA(key): /ˈt͡ɕap/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ap
  • Syllabification: ciap

Etymology 1

Back-formation from ciapeć.

Noun

ciap m inan

  1. (Masovian Borderland, chiefly in the plural) synonym of ciapeć

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

ciap

  1. genitive plural of ciapa

Further reading

  • Małgorzata Kapusta (2017), “ciapy”, in Mowa mieszkańców pogranicza Mazowsza (na przykładzie gminy Głowaczów w powiecie kozienickim) (in Polish), Warsaw: Elipsa, →ISBN, page 75
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