ceindre
French
Etymology
Etymology tree
Inherited from Old French ceindre, from Latin cingere, possibly from Proto-Italic *kengō, from Proto-Indo-European *kenk- (“to gird, tie”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sɛ̃dʁ/
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Verb
ceindre
- (transitive) to gird, put on (clothes, which fit around a part of the body)
- 1640, Pierre Corneille, Horace, act 2, scene 5:
- Que je souffre à mes yeux qu'on ceigne une autre tête / Des lauriers immortels que la gloire m'apprête
- How could I suffer that, before my eyes, another head is girdled / With the immortal laurels for which glory has readied me
- (transitive) to wrap round
- (figuratively) to don (an item of ceremonious clothing)
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated like peindre. It uses the same endings as rendre or vendre, but its -nd- becomes -gn- before a vowel, and its past participle ends in 't' instead of a vowel.
Conjugation of ceindre (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | ceindre | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | ceignant /sɛ.ɲɑ̃/ or /se.ɲɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | ceint /sɛ̃/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | ceins /sɛ̃/ |
ceins /sɛ̃/ |
ceint /sɛ̃/ |
ceignons /sɛ.ɲɔ̃/ or /se.ɲɔ̃/ |
ceignez /sɛ.ɲe/ or /se.ɲe/ |
ceignent /sɛɲ/ |
| imperfect | ceignais /sɛ.ɲɛ/ or /se.ɲɛ/ |
ceignais /sɛ.ɲɛ/ or /se.ɲɛ/ |
ceignait /sɛ.ɲɛ/ or /se.ɲɛ/ |
ceignions /sɛ.ɲjɔ̃/ or /se.ɲjɔ̃/ |
ceigniez /sɛ.ɲje/ or /se.ɲje/ |
ceignaient /sɛ.ɲɛ/ or /se.ɲɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | ceignis /sɛ.ɲi/ or /se.ɲi/ |
ceignis /sɛ.ɲi/ or /se.ɲi/ |
ceignit /sɛ.ɲi/ or /se.ɲi/ |
ceignîmes /sɛ.ɲim/ or /se.ɲim/ |
ceignîtes /sɛ.ɲit/ or /se.ɲit/ |
ceignirent /sɛ.ɲiʁ/ or /se.ɲiʁ/ | |
| future | ceindrai /sɛ̃.dʁe/ |
ceindras /sɛ̃.dʁa/ |
ceindra /sɛ̃.dʁa/ |
ceindrons /sɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ |
ceindrez /sɛ̃.dʁe/ |
ceindront /sɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | ceindrais /sɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
ceindrais /sɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
ceindrait /sɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
ceindrions /sɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ |
ceindriez /sɛ̃.dʁi.je/ |
ceindraient /sɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | ceigne /sɛɲ/ |
ceignes /sɛɲ/ |
ceigne /sɛɲ/ |
ceignions /sɛ.ɲjɔ̃/ or /se.ɲjɔ̃/ |
ceigniez /sɛ.ɲje/ or /se.ɲje/ |
ceignent /sɛɲ/ |
| imperfect2 | ceignisse /sɛ.ɲis/ or /se.ɲis/ |
ceignisses /sɛ.ɲis/ or /se.ɲis/ |
ceignît /sɛ.ɲi/ or /se.ɲi/ |
ceignissions /sɛ.ɲi.sjɔ̃/ or /se.ɲi.sjɔ̃/ |
ceignissiez /sɛ.ɲi.sje/ or /se.ɲi.sje/ |
ceignissent /sɛ.ɲis/ or /se.ɲis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | ceins /sɛ̃/ |
— | ceignons /sɛ.ɲɔ̃/ or /se.ɲɔ̃/ |
ceignez /sɛ.ɲe/ or /se.ɲe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
- ceindre l'écharpe
- ceindre la tiare
Related terms
Further reading
- “ceindre”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012
Old French
Etymology
Inherited from Latin cingere, possibly from Proto-Italic *kengō, from Proto-Indo-European *kenk- (“to gird, tie”).
Verb
ceindre
- (transitive) to put on (clothes, which fit around a part of the body; a sword)
- (transitive) to wrap round
- (figuratively) to don (an item of ceremonious clothing)
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb ends in a palatal stem, so there is an extra i before the e of some endings. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of ceindre (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | ceindre | avoir ceint | |||||
| gerund | en ceignant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | ceignant | ||||||
| past participle | ceint | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | ceing | ceinz | ceint | ceignons | ceigniez | ceignent |
| imperfect | ceignoie, ceigneie | ceignoies, ceigneies | ceignoit, ceigneit | ceigniiens, ceigniens | ceigniiez, ceigniez | ceignoient, ceigneient | |
| preterite | ceins | ceinsis | ceinst | ceinsimes | ceinsistes | ceinstrent | |
| future | ceindrai | ceindras | ceindra | ceindrons | ceindroiz, ceindreiz, ceindrez | ceindront | |
| conditional | ceindroie, ceindreie | ceindroies, ceindreies | ceindroit, ceindreit | ceindriiens, ceindriens | ceindriiez, ceindriez | ceindroient, ceindreient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | ceigne | ceignes | ceigne | ceigniens, ceignons | ceigniez | ceignent |
| imperfect | ceinsisse | ceinsisses | ceinsist | ceinsissons, ceinsissiens | ceinsissoiz, ceinsissez, ceinsissiez | ceinsissent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | ceing | — | ceignons | ceigniez | — | ||
Related terms
Descendants
- French: ceindre
References
- “Appendix E: Irregular Verbs” in E. Einhorn (1974), Old French: A Concise Handbook, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 150
- Frédéric Godefroy (1880–1902), “ceindre”, in Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle […], Paris: F[riedrich] Vieweg; Émile Bouillon, →OCLC.