breyta

Icelandic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈpreiːta/
Rhymes: -eiːta

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

breyta f (genitive singular breytu, nominative plural breytur)

(mathematics) variable
Synonyms: breytistærð, breytileg stærð

Declension

Declension of *breyta* (feminine)
	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	breyta	breytan	breytur	breyturnar
accusative	breytu	breytuna	breytur	breyturnar
dative	breytu	breytunni	breytum	breytunum
genitive	breytu	breytunnar	breytna, breyta	breytnanna, breytanna

Derived terms

aukabreyta (“parameter”)
ákvörðunarbreyta (“control variable, decision variable”)
Boole-breyta (“Boolean variable”)
breytulaus (“variable-free”)
breytuskipti (“change of variables”)
bundin breyta (“bound variable, dummy variable”)
fjölbreytuaðhvarf (“multiple regression”)
fjölbreytufervikagreining (“analysis of dispersion, dispersion analysis, multivariate analysis of variance”)
fjölbreytugreining (“multivariate analysis”)
flokkunarbreyta (“attribute, categorical variable”)
frjáls breyta (“free variable”)
frumbreyta (“argument, independent variable”)
fullyrðingabreyta (“propositional variable, sentential variable”)
fylgibreyta (“basic variable, concomitant variable, dependent variable”)
fylgnar breytur (“correlated variables”)
færibreyta (“parameter”)
grannfræðileg óbreyta (“topological invariant”)
háð breyta (“basic variable, dependent variable”)
heildunarbreyta (“integration variable”)
hlaupabreyta (“parameter”)
leppbreyta (“bound variable, dummy variable”)
margbreytuaðhvarf (“multiple regression”)
margliða með mörgum breytum (“multinomial, polynomial in several variables”)
málskipanarbreyta (“syntactic variable”)
miðsett slembibreyta (“centralized random variable, centred random variable”)
óbreyta (“invariant”)
óháð breyta (“argument, independent variable”)
raunbreyta (“real variable”)
rökbreyta (“logical variable”)
skýribreyta (“determining variable, predicated variable, regressor”)
skýringabreyta (“cause variable, explanatory variable”)
slakbreyta (“slack variable”)
slembibreyta (“aleatory variable, chance variable, random variable, stochastic variable, variate”)
snúningsóbreyta (“rotation invariant”)
stakbreyta (“individual variable, object variable”)
stikabreyting (“parameter change, reparametrization, transformation of parameter”)
stjórnbreyta (“control variable, decision variable”)
strjál breyta (“discrete variable”)
stýrð breyta (“controlled variable”)
stýribreyta (“control variable, decision variable”)
tegrunarbreyta (“integration variable”)
tímabreyta (“time parameter”)
tvinnbreyta (“complex variable”)
tvinnbreytistærð (“complex variable”)
töluóbreyta (“numerical invariant”)
umsagnarbreyta (“predicate variable”)
umsögn með mörgum breytum (“many-place predicate, multiplace predicate”)
yfirbreyta (“metavariable”)
yrðingabreyta (“propositional variable, sentential variable”)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Norse breyta, causative of brjóta (“to break”), from Proto-Germanic *breutaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewd-.

Cognate with Norwegian Bokmål brøyte (“to clear snow (off the road)”) and Old English ābrīetan (“to break”).^[1]^[2]

Verb

breyta (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative breytti, supine breytt)

to change, to modify, to alter [with dative ‘something’ and í (+ accusative) ‘into something else’]
- Judges 2:19
  En er dómarinn andaðist, breyttu þeir að nýju verr en feður þeirra, með því að elta aðra guði til þess að þjóna þeim og falla fram fyrir þeim. Þeir létu eigi af gjörðum sínum né þrjóskubreytni sinni.
  But when the judge died, the people returned to ways even more corrupt than those of their ancestors, following other gods and serving and worshiping them. They refused to give up their evil practices and stubborn ways.
- Partý Jesús
  Jesús breytti vatni í vín,
  
  já, Jesús breytti vatni í vín
  
  hann má koma í partý til mín!
  Jesus turned water into wine,
  
  yes, he turned water into wine,
  
  he can come party with me!

Conjugation

*breyta* – active voice (*germynd*)
		present nútíð	past þátíð	present nútíð	past þátíð
infinitive nafnháttur		að breyta
supine sagnbót		breytt
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		breytandi

		indicative framsöguháttur		subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
singular	ég	breyti	breytti	breyti	breytti
	þú	breytir	breyttir	breytir	breyttir
	hann, hún, það	breytir	breytti	breyti	breytti
plural	við	breytum	breyttum	breytum	breyttum
	þið	breytið	breyttuð	breytið	breyttuð
	þeir, þær, þau	breyta	breyttu	breyti	breyttu

		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	breyt (þú), breyttu
plural	þið	breytið (þið), breytiði¹

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

*breytast* – mediopassive voice (*miðmynd*)
		present nútíð	past þátíð	present nútíð	past þátíð
infinitive nafnháttur		að breytast
supine sagnbót		breyst
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		breytandist (rare; see appendix)

		indicative framsöguháttur		subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
singular	ég	breytist	breyttist	breytist	breyttist
	þú	breytist	breyttist	breytist	breyttist
	hann, hún, það	breytist	breyttist	breytist	breyttist
plural	við	breytumst	breyttumst	breytumst	breyttumst
	þið	breytist	breyttust	breytist	breyttust
	þeir, þær, þau	breytast	breyttust	breytist	breyttust

		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	breyst (þú), breystu
plural	þið	breytist (þið), breytisti¹

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

*breyttur* — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
strong declension (sterk beyging)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	breyttur	breytt	breytt	breyttir	breyttar	breytt
accusative (þolfall)	breyttan	breytta	breytt	breytta	breyttar	breytt
dative (þágufall)	breyttum	breyttri	breyttu	breyttum	breyttum	breyttum
genitive (eignarfall)	breytts	breyttrar	breytts	breyttra	breyttra	breyttra

weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
weak declension (veik beyging)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	breytti	breytta	breytta	breyttu	breyttu	breyttu
accusative (þolfall)	breytta	breyttu	breytta	breyttu	breyttu	breyttu
dative (þágufall)	breytta	breyttu	breytta	breyttu	breyttu	breyttu
genitive (eignarfall)	breytta	breyttu	breytta	breyttu	breyttu	breyttu

Derived terms

breyta í (“to turn into, to change into”)
breyta til (“to make a change”)
breytast
stigbreyta (“to compare”)

References

^ Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989), “breyta”, in Íslensk orðsifjabók, Reykjavík: Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, →ISBN (Available at Málið.is under the “Eldri orðabækur” tab.)
^ Jan de Vries (1977) [1957–1960], “breyta”, in Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Old Norse Etymological Dictionary] (in German), 3rd edition, Leiden: E[vert] J[an] Brill, →OCLC, page 56.

[1] Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon (1989), “breyta”, in Íslensk orðsifjabók, Reykjavík: Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies, →ISBN (Available at Málið.is under the “Eldri orðabækur” tab.)

[2] Jan de Vries (1977) [1957–1960], “breyta”, in Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Old Norse Etymological Dictionary] (in German), 3rd edition, Leiden: E[vert] J[an] Brill, →OCLC, page 56.

[1]

[2]