brenin

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh brenhin, from Proto-Brythonic *brɨɣėntin, from Proto-Celtic *brigantīnos (“(someone) pre-eminent, outstanding”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ-.

Pronunciation

(North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈbrɛnɪn/
(South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈbreːnɪn/, /ˈbrɛnɪn/

Noun

brenin m (plural brenhinoedd, feminine brenhines)

king, monarch, sovereign (abbrev. bre)
Synonyms: rhi, teyrn, pennaeth
(chess) king
(card games) king
(ornithology) monarch (Hypothymis)

Derived terms

brenhinbysg (“kingfish”)
brenhines (“queen”)
brenhiniaeth (“kingdom”)
brenhinllin (“dynasty”)
brenhinol (“royal”)
brenhinwr, brenhinwraig (“royalist”)
brenin byrgrib (“short-crested blue monarch”)
brenin goleulas (“celestial monarch”)
brenin gwarddu (“black-naped monarch”)
crys y brenin (“henbane”)
eli'r brenin (“human excrement”, literally “king's balm”)

See also

Chess pieces in Welsh · darnau gwyddbwyll (layout · text)

brenin	brenhines	castell	esgob	marchog	gwerinwr

Playing cards in Welsh · cardiau chwarae (layout · text)

as	dau	tri	pedwar	pump	chwech	saith

wyth	naw	deg	jac / milwr	brenhines	brenin	jocer

Mutation

Mutated forms of *brenin*
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
brenin	frenin	mrenin	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

Griffiths, Bruce; Glyn Jones, Dafydd (1995), “king”, in Geiriadur yr Academi: The Welsh Academy English–Welsh Dictionary‎^[1], Cardiff: University of Wales Press, →ISBN
D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “brenin”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
Lewis, Timothy. A glossary of mediaeval Welsh law, based upon the Black book of Chirk. Univ. Press (Manchester), 1913.
R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “brenin”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies