breac

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish brecc (“speckled, spotted; trout”),[1][2] from Proto-Celtic *brikkos. Cognate with Breton breac’h and Welsh brych.

The verb is from Middle Irish breccaid (“to speckle”), from the adjective.[3]

Pronunciation

Adjective

breac (genitive singular masculine bric, genitive singular feminine brice, plural breaca, comparative brice)

  1. speckled, spotted

Declension

Declension of breac
Positive singular plural
masculine feminine strong noun weak noun
nominative breac bhreac breaca;
bhreaca2
vocative bhric breaca
genitive brice breaca breac
dative breac;
bhreac1 		bhreac;
bhric (archaic) 		breaca;
bhreaca2
Comparative níos brice
Superlative is brice

1 When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
2 When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived terms

Verb

breac (present analytic breacann, future analytic breacfaidh, verbal noun breacadh, past participle breactha)

  1. to speckle

Conjugation

Conjugation of breac (first conjugation – A)
indicative singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
present breacaim breacann tú;
breacair† 		breacann sé, sí breacaimid; breacann muid breacann sibh breacann siad;
breacaid† 		a bhreacann; a bhreacas breactar
past bhreac mé; bhreacas bhreac tú; bhreacais bhreac sé, sí bhreacamar; bhreac muid bhreac sibh; bhreacabhair bhreac siad; bhreacadar a bhreac breacadh
past habitual bhreacainn /
breacainn‡ 		bhreactá /
breactᇠ		bhreacadh sé, sí /
breacadh sé, sí‡ 		bhreacaimis; bhreacadh muid /
breacaimis‡; breacadh muid‡ 		bhreacadh sibh /
breacadh sibh‡ 		bhreacaidís; bhreacadh siad /
breacaidís‡; breacadh siad‡ 		a bhreacadh bhreactaí /
breactaí‡
singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
future breacfaidh mé;
breacfad 		breacfaidh tú;
breacfair† 		breacfaidh sé, sí breacfaimid;
breacfaidh muid 		breacfaidh sibh breacfaidh siad;
breacfaid† 		a bhreacfaidh; a bhreacfas breacfar
conditional bhreacfainn /
breacfainn‡ 		bhreacfá /
breacfᇠ		bhreacfadh sé, sí /
breacfadh sé, sí‡ 		bhreacfaimis; bhreacfadh muid /
breacfaimis‡; breacfadh muid‡ 		bhreacfadh sibh /
breacfadh sibh‡ 		bhreacfaidís; bhreacfadh siad /
breacfaidís‡; breacfadh siad‡ 		a bhreacfadh bhreacfaí /
breacfaí‡
subjunctive singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
present go mbreaca mé;
go mbreacad† 		go mbreaca tú;
go mbreacair† 		go mbreaca sé, sí go mbreacaimid;
go mbreaca muid 		go mbreaca sibh go mbreaca siad;
go mbreacaid† 		— go mbreactar
past dá mbreacainn dá mbreactá dá mbreacadh sé, sí dá mbreacaimis;
dá mbreacadh muid 		dá mbreacadh sibh dá mbreacaidís;
dá mbreacadh siad 		— dá mbreactaí
imperative singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
— breacaim breac breacadh sé, sí breacaimis breacaigí;
breacaidh† 		breacaidís — breactar
past participle breactha
verbal noun breacadh

† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form

Noun

breac m (genitive singular bric, nominative plural bric)

  1. trout

Declension

Declension of breac (first declension)
bare forms
singular plural
nominative breac bric
vocative a bhric a bhreaca
genitive bric breac
dative breac bric
forms with the definite article
singular plural
nominative an breac na bric
genitive an bhric na mbreac
dative leis an mbreac
don bhreac 		leis na bric

Derived terms

  • breac donn m (“brown trout”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of breac
radical lenition eclipsis
breac bhreac mbreac

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 brecc ‘speckled, spotted’”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 brecc ‘speckled, spotted thing; trout’”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  3. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “breccaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  4. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931), Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 146, page 75
  5. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 52
  6. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906), A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 411, page 135

Further reading

Old English

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bræ͜ɑːk/

Verb

brēac

  1. first/third-person singular preterite indicative of brūcan

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /b̥ɾʲɛxk/
  • (Lewis) IPA(key): /b̥ðek/[1], [b̥ðe̞hk]
  • (Barra) IPA(key): [b̥ɾʲɛxk~b̥ʒɛxk][2]

Etymology 1

From Old Irish brecc (“speckled, spotted, variegated”), from Proto-Celtic *brikkos.

Adjective

breac (comparative nas brice, superlative as brice)

  1. speckled, spotted, piebald
  2. embossed
  3. chequered
Declension
Declension of breac (type I adjective)
masculine feminine plural
nominative breac bhreac breaca
genitive bhric brice breaca
dative breac bhric breaca
vocative bhric bhreac breaca
Derived terms

Verb

breac (past bhreac, future breacaidh, verbal noun breacadh, past participle breacte)

  1. speckle
  2. sprinkle, scatter
Conjugation
Conjugation of breac (regular)
stem breac
verbal noun breacadh
past participle breacta
independent dependent
active passive active passive
past bhreac bhreacadh bhreac bhreacadh
future breacaidh breacar
breactar 		breac breacar
breactar
conditional 1st singular bhreacainn bhreactadh
bhreacaist1
bhreacaiste1 		bhreacainn bhreactadh
bhreacaist1
bhreacaiste1
1st plural bhreacamaid
bhreacadh sinn 		bhreacamaid
bhreacadh sinn
2nd & 3rd bhreacadh bhreacadh
relative
future 		bhreacas bhreacar
imperative 1st singular breacam breacar
breactar
2nd singular breac
3rd singular breacadh
1st plural breacamaid
2nd plural breacaibh
3rd plural breacadh

1 Lewis dialect form

Combined conjugation of breac (regular)
stem breac
verbal noun breacadh
past participle breacta
singular plural impersonal
first second third m/f first second third
independent past bhreac mi bhreac thu bhreac e/i bhreac sinn bhreac sibh bhreac iad bhreacadh
future breacaidh mi breacaidh tu breacaidh e/i breacaidh sinn breacaidh sibh breacaidh iad breacar
breactar
conditional bhreacainn bhreacadh tu bhreacadh e/i bhreacamaid
bhreacadh sinn 		bhreacadh sibh bhreacadh iad bhreactadh
bhreacaist1
bhreacaiste1
negative past cha do bhreac mi cha do bhreac thu cha do bhreac e/i cha do bhreac sinn cha do bhreac sibh cha do bhreac iad cha do bhreacadh
future cha bhreac mi cha bhreac thu cha bhreac e/i cha bhreac sinn cha bhreac sibh cha bhreac iad cha bhreacar
cha bhreactar
conditional cha bhreacainn cha bhreacadh tu cha bhreacadh e/i cha bhreacamaid
cha bhreacadh sinn 		cha bhreacadh sibh cha bhreacadh iad cha bhreactadh
cha bhreacaist1
cha bhreacaiste1
affirmative
interrogative 		past an do bhreac mi? an do bhreac thu? an do bhreac e/i? an do bhreac sinn? an do bhreac sibh? an do bhreac iad? an do bhreacadh?
future am breac mi? am breac thu? am breac e/i? am breac sinn? am breac sibh? am breac iad? am breacar?
am breactar?
conditional am breacainn? am breacadh tu? am breacadh e/i? am breacamaid?
am breacadh sinn? 		am breacadh sibh? am breacadh iad? am breactadh?
am breacaist?1
am breacaiste?1
negative
interrogative 		past nach do bhreac mi? nach do bhreac thu? nach do bhreac e/i? nach do bhreac sinn? nach do bhreac sibh? nach do bhreac iad? nach do bhreacadh?
future nach breac mi? nach breac thu? nach breac e/i? nach breac sinn? nach breac sibh? nach breac iad? nach breacar?
nach breactar?
conditional nach breacainn? nach breacadh tu? nach breacadh e/i? nach breacamaid?
nach breacadh sinn? 		nach breacadh sibh? nach breacadh iad? nach breactadh?
nach breacaist?1
nach breacaiste?1
relative
future 		affirmative (ma) bhreacas mi (ma) bhreacas thu (ma) bhreacas e/i (ma) bhreacas sinn (ma) bhreacas sibh (ma) bhreacas iad (ma) bhreacar
negative (mur) breac mi (mur) breac thu (mur) breac e/i (mur) breac sinn (mur) breac sibh (mur) breac iad (mur) breacar
(mur) breactar
imperative breacam breac breacadh e/i breacamaid breacaibh breacadh iad breacar
breactar

1 Lewis dialect form

Etymology 2

From Old Irish brecc (“trout”).

Noun

breac m (genitive singular bric, plural bric)

  1. trout, brown trout
  2. (dialect) salmon

Mutation

Mutation of breac
radical lenition
breac bhreac

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Oftedal, M. (1956), A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
  2. ^ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1937), The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap

Further reading

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