brón

See also: bron, broń, bróń, and bròn

Irish

Pronunciation

  • (Munster) IPA(key): /bˠɾˠoːn̪ˠ/, [bˠɾˠõːn̪ˠ]
  • (Aran) IPA(key): /bˠɾˠoːn/
  • (Cois Fharraige) IPA(key): /bˠɾˠuːn̪ˠ/
  • (Mayo, Ulster) IPA(key): /bˠɾˠoːnˠ/, /bˠɾˠoːn̪ˠ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish brón.

Noun

brón m (genitive singular bróin)

  1. sorrow
    Tá brón orm
    I'm sorry
    (literally, “Sorrow is on me”)
Declension
Declension of brón (first declension, no plural)
bare forms
singular
nominative brón
vocative a bhróin
genitive bróin
dative brón
forms with the definite article
singular
nominative an brón
genitive an bhróin
dative leis an mbrón
don bhrón
Derived terms
  • brat bróin (“pall”)
  • brónach (“sorrowful”, adjective)
  • mo bhrón (“alas”)
  • tá brón orm (“I'm sorry”)
  • brónaí f (“sorrowfulness”)

Verb

brón (present analytic brónann, future analytic brónfaidh, verbal noun brónadh, past participle brónta)

  1. (transitive) grieve
    An ní nach bhfeiceann súil ní bhrónann croí. (proverb)
    What the eye sees not the heart rues not.
Conjugation
Conjugation of brón (first conjugation – A)
indicative singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
present brónaim brónann tú;
brónair† 		brónann sé, sí brónaimid; brónann muid brónann sibh brónann siad;
brónaid† 		a bhrónann; a bhrónas bróntar
past bhrón mé; bhrónas bhrón tú; bhrónais bhrón sé, sí bhrónamar; bhrón muid bhrón sibh; bhrónabhair bhrón siad; bhrónadar a bhrón brónadh
past habitual bhrónainn /
brónainn‡ 		bhróntá /
bróntᇠ		bhrónadh sé, sí /
brónadh sé, sí‡ 		bhrónaimis; bhrónadh muid /
brónaimis‡; brónadh muid‡ 		bhrónadh sibh /
brónadh sibh‡ 		bhrónaidís; bhrónadh siad /
brónaidís‡; brónadh siad‡ 		a bhrónadh bhróntaí /
bróntaí‡
singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
future brónfaidh mé;
brónfad 		brónfaidh tú;
brónfair† 		brónfaidh sé, sí brónfaimid;
brónfaidh muid 		brónfaidh sibh brónfaidh siad;
brónfaid† 		a bhrónfaidh; a bhrónfas brónfar
conditional bhrónfainn /
brónfainn‡ 		bhrónfá /
brónfᇠ		bhrónfadh sé, sí /
brónfadh sé, sí‡ 		bhrónfaimis; bhrónfadh muid /
brónfaimis‡; brónfadh muid‡ 		bhrónfadh sibh /
brónfadh sibh‡ 		bhrónfaidís; bhrónfadh siad /
brónfaidís‡; brónfadh siad‡ 		a bhrónfadh bhrónfaí /
brónfaí‡
subjunctive singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
present go mbróna mé;
go mbrónad† 		go mbróna tú;
go mbrónair† 		go mbróna sé, sí go mbrónaimid;
go mbróna muid 		go mbróna sibh go mbróna siad;
go mbrónaid† 		— go mbróntar
past dá mbrónainn dá mbróntá dá mbrónadh sé, sí dá mbrónaimis;
dá mbrónadh muid 		dá mbrónadh sibh dá mbrónaidís;
dá mbrónadh siad 		— dá mbróntaí
imperative singular plural direct relative autonomous
first second third first second third
— brónaim brón brónadh sé, sí brónaimis brónaigí;
brónaidh† 		brónaidís — bróntar
past participle brónta
verbal noun brónadh

† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form

Descendants
  • →⇒ Yola: murreen

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

brón

  1. (dialectal, archaic) genitive singular of bró

Mutation

Mutated forms of brón
radical lenition eclipsis
brón bhrón mbrón

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *brugnos (“sadness, pain”)[1] (also reconstructible as *bruginos, *broginos, *brognos),[2] of uncertain further origin. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷruHǵʰ-nó-, from the root *gʷrewHǵʰ- (“to bite”) + *-nós, though the laryngeal makes this problematic; alternatively from *bʰreg- (“to break”) or another root.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈbɾoːn/

Noun

brón m (genitive bróin, no plural)

  1. sorrow, grief, lamentation, distress, burden
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 5d25
      "brón caích bad brón dúibsi" glosses flete cum flentibus
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 16b8
      "ni far mbrón si ..." glosses contristati
    • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 129c6
      "in brón" glosses mestitudinem

Inflection

Masculine o-stem
singular dual plural
nominative brón brónL bróinL
vocative bróin brónL brónuH
accusative brónN brónL brónuH
genitive bróinL brón brónN
dative brónL brónaib brónaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

  • brónach (“sorrowful, grieving, sad”)

Descendants

Mutation

Mutation of brón
radical lenition nasalization
brón brón
pronounced with /β-/		 mbrón

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ MacBain, Alexander; Mackay, Eneas (1911), “brón”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎[1], Stirling, →ISBN, page 52
  2. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*brugno-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 80–81

Further reading

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