Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/tʳaɢa

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains original research. The reconstruction in this entry is based on published research, but the specific form presented here is not found in prior works.

Proto-Yeniseian

Etymology

Possibly composed of *tʳa +‎ *-ɢa (nominalizer suffix). Compared to Proto-Athabaskan *tšʳəɣ̇ʊs (“merganser”),[1] a species of diving ducks.

Noun

*tʳaɢa (plural *tʳa-ɢa-n)

  1. (zoology, ornithology) a kind of diving duck
    Coordinate terms: *ban (“duck”), *bix (“loon”), *potʳ (“merganser”), *cam (“goose”), *cijga (“swan”), *ɟex (“wood grouse”)

Reconstruction notes

A sound shift of /*tʳ/ > /*t͡ɬ/ must have occurred in Proto-Kottic to explain the aberrant onset, which is remarked as an 'odd change' by Fortescue-Vajda (2022).

Alternative reconstructions

  • *tʰoˀəqə (per Werner 2002)
  • *tɔ̄q (per Starostin 1994-2005)[2]
  • *tʰoˀʌqʌ (for Proto-Kettic), *altʰaq (for Proto-Kott-Arin, per Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *tʳaːˀɢe (per Fortescue-Vajda 2022)

Descendants

  • Ketic:
    • Imbak Ket: tôq (tôq) (C.)
      • Ket: тоӷ (tɔ̄ɢ, tɔ̄ʁ), тоӄ (tɔ̄q, tɔ̄χ, “quaker duck”) (Southern and Central dialects)
      • Ket: тооӷә (tɔ́ɔ̀ʁə, “golden-eye duck”) (Northern dialects)
    • Yug: тооʼх (tɔːˀχ, “quaker duck”)
  • Kottic:
    • Kott: altʰax, altax (“northern shoveler”) (C.)

See also

  • Proto-Yeniseian entry guidelines § Bibliography

References

  1. ^ Leer, Jeff (1996), Comparative Athabaskan Lexicon‎[1], volume tsh(r)a-tsh(r)E, Alaska Native Language Archive, page 72a
  2. ^ https://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=718&root=config

Further reading

  • Hill, Eugen; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Svenja, Bonmann (2024), “'duck'”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[2], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 223 of 216-293
  • Fortescue, Michael; Vajda, Edward (2022), “72.) ~*traɢes”, in Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 359
  • Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), “*altʰaq”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 1, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 38
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002), “(4) tɔʀ (I)”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 2, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 276
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