Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/paxʷ

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

  • *pʰak[səm] (per Werner 2002)
  • *pak, *pak-si-m (per Starostin 1994-2005)[1]
  • *pʰadʲ, *pʰadʲəŋ (per Khabtagaeva 2019)[2]
  • *pʰadʲ- (in compounds), *pʰaksʌm (per Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *wajx (per Fortescue-Vajda 2022)

Etymology

Compared to Proto-Athabaskan *ʼaˑx̣ (“snowshoe”), Navajo yaské, zaské (“snowshoe”).

Arin (Helimski) itp'akuju (“I cut.”) and Kott (Helimski) tonoopatɨk (“I prick with a knife.”) are not related to this etymon.

Noun

*paxʷ (plural *paxʷ-Vŋ)

  1. a flat and round object
    Coordinate terms: *ɬep (“a broad and flat object”), *šowq (“a hooked object”)
Derived terms
  • *-paxʷ (“to cut”)
  • *paxʷja (“shaman's drum”)
  • *paxʷɬ (“ski”)

Descendants

  • ⇒ Proto-Yeniseian: *-paxʷ-tʳeg (“to put up, to erect”, literally “flat and round object-erect”)
    • Ketic:
      • Yug: фитаӈ (fītaŋ), фииʼй (-fiːˀj, “to erect”)
    • Kottic:
  • ⇒ Proto-Yeniseian: *paxʷVŋʷ (“thin, wide”)
    • Ketic:
      • Ket: (Southern dialects) хаксем (háksʲɛm), хаксим (háksʲim, “thin (said of flat objects like paper, boards)”)[3]
      • Ket: (Central dialects) хаксемсь (háksʲɛmsʲ)
      • Yug: факсим (fáksim, “thin, wide”)
    • Kottic:
      • Kott: (Castrén) fačam, pʰačam (“flat, wide”)

See also

  • Yeniseian entry guidelines § Historical bibliography

References

  1. ^ https://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=442&root=config
  2. ^ Khabtagaeva, Bayarma (2019), Language Contact in Siberia: Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic Loanwords in Yeniseian (The languages of Asia series; 19)‎[1], Brill, →ISBN, pages 116, 365
  3. ^ Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, page 178

Further reading

  • Fortescue, Michael; Vajda, Edward (2022), “123.) ~*wajx”, in Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 386
  • Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), “*pʰaksʌm”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 1, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 541
  • Vajda, Edward (2024), The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[3], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 388
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002), “háks'em/háks'im”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 1, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 293
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