Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swaigijan
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Germanic *swaigijaną (“to fall”); compare Lithuanian svai̇̃gti (“to waver”).
Verb
*swaigijan
Inflection
| Class 1 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *swaigijan | |
| 1st sg. past | *swaigidā | |
| Infinitive | *swaigijan | |
| Genitive infin. | *swaigijannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *swaigijannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *swaigijannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *swaigiju | *swaigidā |
| 2nd singular | *swaigisi | *swaigidēs, *swaigidōs |
| 3rd singular | *swaigiþi | *swaigidē, *swaigidā |
| 1st plural | *swaigijum | *swaigidum |
| 2nd plural | *swaigiþ | *swaigidud |
| 3rd plural | *swaigijanþ | *swaigidun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *swaigijē | *swaigidī |
| 2nd singular | *swaigijēs | *swaigidī |
| 3rd singular | *swaigijē | *swaigidī |
| 1st plural | *swaigijēm | *swaigidīm |
| 2nd plural | *swaigijēþ | *swaigidīd |
| 3rd plural | *swaigijēn | *swaigidīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *swaigi | |
| Plural | *swaigiþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *swaigijandī | *swaigid |
Descendants
- Old English: *swǣġan
Etymology 2
Of obscure origin. Older sources like Pokorny and Kluge connected it to Ancient Greek σιγή (sigḗ, “silence”), but they are phonologically incompatible.
Verb
*swaigijan
- to silence
Inflection
| Class 1 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *swaigijan | |
| 1st sg. past | *swaigidā | |
| Infinitive | *swaigijan | |
| Genitive infin. | *swaigijannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *swaigijannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *swaigijannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *swaigiju | *swaigidā |
| 2nd singular | *swaigisi | *swaigidēs, *swaigidōs |
| 3rd singular | *swaigiþi | *swaigidē, *swaigidā |
| 1st plural | *swaigijum | *swaigidum |
| 2nd plural | *swaigiþ | *swaigidud |
| 3rd plural | *swaigijanþ | *swaigidun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *swaigijē | *swaigidī |
| 2nd singular | *swaigijēs | *swaigidī |
| 3rd singular | *swaigijē | *swaigidī |
| 1st plural | *swaigijēm | *swaigidīm |
| 2nd plural | *swaigijēþ | *swaigidīd |
| 3rd plural | *swaigijēn | *swaigidīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *swaigi | |
| Plural | *swaigiþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *swaigijandī | *swaigid |
Related terms
Descendants
- Old High German: sweigen
- Middle High German: sweigen
References
- Vladimir Orel (2003), “*swaiʒjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 389