Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/stalljan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to put, place”)^[1]^[2]

Verb

*stalljan^[3]

to put, place

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*stalljan
1st sg. past	*staldā
Infinitive	*stalljan
Genitive infin.	*stalljannjas
Dative infin.	*stalljannjē
Instrum. infin.	*stalljannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*stallju	*staldā
2nd singular	*stalisi	staldēs, staldōs
3rd singular	*staliþi	staldē, staldā
1st plural	*stalljum	*staldum
2nd plural	*staliþ	*staldud
3rd plural	*stalljanþ	*staldun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*stalljē	*staldī
2nd singular	*stalljēs	*staldī
3rd singular	*stalljē	*staldī
1st plural	*stalljēm	*staldīm
2nd plural	*stalljēþ	*staldīd
3rd plural	*stalljēn	*staldīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*stali
Plural	*staliþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*stalljandī	*stald

Related terms

*stallōn

Descendants

Old English: stellan
- Middle English: stellen
  - Scots: stell
  - English: stell
Old Frisian: *stella (attested in stelling)
- Saterland Frisian: staale (through confluence with Old Frisian stallia)
- West Frisian: stelle
Old Saxon: stellian
- Middle Low German: stellen
  - Low German: stellen
  - → Old Swedish: stælla
    - Swedish: ställa
      - → Finnish: tällätä, ⇒ tälläytyä
  - → Danish: stille
  - → Norwegian Bokmål: stille
  - → Norwegian Nynorsk: stilla
Old Dutch: *stellen
- Middle Dutch: stellen
  - Dutch: stellen
    - Afrikaans: stel
Old High German: stalljan, stellen
- Middle High German: stellen
  - Bavarian: stäin, stön, stölln
  - German: stellen
  - Luxembourgish: stellen
  - Yiddish: שטעלן (shteln)

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), “3. stel-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1019-1020
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*stel-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 594
^ Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014), The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 127: “*stalʲlʲan”

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “3. stel-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1019-1020

[2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*stel-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 594

[3] Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014), The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 127: “*stalʲlʲan”

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