Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kesul

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

    Lacking Indo-European cognates outside of Baltic (Old Prussian sixdo (“sand”), Lithuanian ži̇̀zdras), the word is probably of non-Indo-European substrate origin; compare Georgian ქვიშა (kviša, “sand”).[1]

    Noun

    *kesul m

    1. pebble, gravel

    Inflection

    Masculine a-stem
    Singular
    Nominative *kesul(a)
    Genitive *kesulas
    Singular Plural
    Nominative *kesul(a) *kesulōs
    Accusative *kesul(a) *kesulā
    Genitive *kesulas *kesulō
    Dative *kesulē *kesulum
    Instrumental *kesulu *kesulum

    Alternative reconstructions

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • Old English: ċeosol, ċeosel, ċysel, ċisel, ċisil
      • Middle English: chesil, chesel, chisel
    • Old Saxon: *kesal
      • Middle Low German: kēserlinc, kesserling, kēselinc, kīserlinc
    • Old Dutch: *kesal
      • Middle Dutch: kesel, keisel, kijsel
        • Dutch: keizel
    • Old High German: chisil, kisil

    References

    1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “kisila-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 289
    2. ^ Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014), The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 204: “PWGmc *kisil”
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