Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/humilō
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
Unknown; suggested to be ultimately from Northeastern Iranian,[1] likely from Proto-Sarmatian *xumali (“hop plant”), whence Iron Ossetian хуымӕллӕг (x°ymællæg, “hop plant”), possibly borrowed via Proto-Slavic *xъmèľь (“hop plant”),[2] if not a Wanderwort.[3]
Noun
*humilō m
Inflection
| Masculine an-stem | ||
|---|---|---|
| Singular | ||
| Nominative | *humilō | |
| Genitive | *humilini, *humilan | |
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *humilō | *humilan |
| Accusative | *humilan | *humilan |
| Genitive | *humilini, *humilan | *humilanō |
| Dative | *humilini, *humilan | *humilum |
| Instrumental | *humilini, *humilan | *humilum |
Alternative reconstructions
Descendants
- Old English: hymele f (< PWG *humillijā[3] or *humilā)
- Old Dutch: *homalo
- Middle Dutch: hommel m
- Old High German: *homalo
- Middle High German: homele
- → Late Latin: humilō, humulō, humolō, humlō, umlō, humblō, umblō m, humulus m[1]
- Old French: homlon, humlon
- →? Proto-Norse: *humalā m (or ← Slavic[4])
- →? Proto-Slavic: *xъmèľь m (“hop plant”) (see there for further descendants)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Vladimir Orel (2003), “*xumalaz ~ *xumalōn”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ Hellquist, Elof (1922), “humle”, in Svensk etymologisk ordbok [Swedish etymological dictionary][2] (in Swedish), Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups förlag, page 246
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*humelan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 255
- ^ Fischer, Frank (1909), Die Lehnwörter des Altwestnordischen[4] (in German), Berlin: Mayer & Müller, page 44
Further reading
- Cheung, Johnny (2002), Studies in the Historical Development of the Ossetic Vocalism (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN, page 251