Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hnaigijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hnaigijaną.

Verb

*hnaigijan

  1. to lower
  2. to cause to bow

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive *hnaigijan
1st sg. past *hnaigidā
Infinitive *hnaigijan
Genitive infin. *hnaigijannjas
Dative infin. *hnaigijannjē
Instrum. infin. *hnaigijannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *hnaigiju *hnaigidā
2nd singular *hnaigisi *hnaigidēs, *hnaigidōs
3rd singular *hnaigiþi *hnaigidē, *hnaigidā
1st plural *hnaigijum *hnaigidum
2nd plural *hnaigiþ *hnaigidud
3rd plural *hnaigijanþ *hnaigidun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *hnaigijē *hnaigidī
2nd singular *hnaigijēs *hnaigidī
3rd singular *hnaigijē *hnaigidī
1st plural *hnaigijēm *hnaigidīm
2nd plural *hnaigijēþ *hnaigidīd
3rd plural *hnaigijēn *hnaigidīn
Imperative Present
Singular *hnaigi
Plural *hnaigiþ
Present Past
Participle *hnaigijandī *hnaigid

Descendants

  • Old English: hnǣġan[1]
  • Old Saxon: *hnēgian, hneigian
  • Old Dutch: neigen
  • Old High German: neigen, hneigen[2]

References

  1. ^ Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014), The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 234: “PNWGmc *hnaigijaną ‘to lower, to cause to bow’ (ON hneigja, OS gi-hnēgian, OHG neigen) > *hnāġjąn > OE hnǣġan”
  2. ^ Lloyd, Albert L.; Lühr, Rosemarie (2017), “neigen”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen‎[1] (in German), volume VI: mâda - pûzza, Göttingen/Zürich: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 865
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