Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hafr

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

    From Proto-Germanic *hafraz.

    Noun

    *hafr m[1]

    1. male goat

    Inflection

    Masculine a-stem
    Singular
    Nominative *hafr(a)
    Genitive *hafras
    Singular Plural
    Nominative *hafr(a) *hafrōs
    Accusative *hafr(a) *hafrā
    Genitive *hafras *hafrō
    Dative *hafrē *hafrum
    Instrumental *hafru *hafrum

    Descendants

    • Old English: hæfer
    • Old Saxon: *havar
      • ⇒ Middle Low German: hāverbuk, hāverbok
    • Old High German: *habar
      • Middle High German: *haber
        • ⇒ German: Habergeiß (“folkloric caprine demon”) (dialectal)

    References

    1. ^ Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014), The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 147: “PWGmc *hafr”
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