Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-il
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Germanic *-ilaz.
Suffix
*-il
- -er: suffix forming instrument nouns or occasionally agent nouns
Inflection
| Masculine a-stem | ||
|---|---|---|
| Singular | ||
| Nominative | *-il(a) | |
| Genitive | *-ilas | |
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *-il(a) | *-ilōs |
| Accusative | *-il(a) | *-ilā |
| Genitive | *-ilas | *-ilō |
| Dative | *-ilē | *-ilum |
| Instrumental | *-ilu | *-ilum |
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-il (agent noun)
Descendants
- Old English: -el, -ol, -ul
- Old Frisian:
- West Frisian: -el
- Old Saxon: -al, -il
- Old Dutch:
- Dutch: -el
- Old High German: -il
Etymology 2
From Proto-Germanic *-ilaz.
Suffix
*-il
- forms diminutive nouns
Inflection
| Masculine a-stem | ||
|---|---|---|
| Singular | ||
| Nominative | *-il(a) | |
| Genitive | *-ilas | |
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *-il(a) | *-ilōs |
| Accusative | *-il(a) | *-ilā |
| Genitive | *-ilas | *-ilō |
| Dative | *-ilē | *-ilum |
| Instrumental | *-ilu | *-ilum |
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-il (diminutive)
Descendants
Etymology 3
From Proto-Germanic *-ilaz.
Suffix
*-il
- forms adjectives from verbs (alternative form of *-ul)
Inflection
| a-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Masculine | ||
| Nominative | *-il | ||
| Genitive | *-ilas | ||
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *-il | *-ilu | *-il |
| Accusative | *-ilanā | *-ilā | *-il |
| Genitive | *-ilas | *-ileʀā | *-ilas |
| Dative | *-ilumē | *-ileʀē | *-ilumē |
| Instrumental | *-ilu | *-ileʀu | *-ilu |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *-ilē | *-ilō | *-ilu |
| Accusative | *-ilā | *-ilā | *-ilu |
| Genitive | *-ileʀō | *-ileʀō | *-ileʀō |
| Dative | *-ilēm, *-ilum | *-ilēm, *-ilum | *-ilēm, *-ilum |
| Instrumental | *-ilēm, *-ilum | *-ilēm, *-ilum | *-ilēm, *-ilum |
Derived terms
Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-il (adjectival)