Reconstruction:Proto-Uto-Aztecan/pa

This Proto-Uto-Aztecan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Uto-Aztecan

Noun

*pa (Stubbs 2011, Manaster Ramer 1993)

water

Descendants

*pa (unmarked)

Cahita:
- Mayo: baaꞌa
Corachol:
- Cora: hah
- Huichol: háa
Northern Uto-Aztecan:
- Hopi: paahu
- Serran:
  - Gabrielino-Fernandeño: par
  - Serrano: bate
  - Kitanemuk: bate
- Proto-Numic: *paa
  - Southern Numic:
    - Kawaiisu: poˀo
    - Ute: paa
  - Central Numic:
    - Comanche: paa
    - Panamint: paa
    - Shoshone: paa
  - Western Numic:
    - Mono (California): paja
    - Northern Paiute: paa

*pa-ta (absolutive)

Proto-Nahuan: *aa-tl (“water”)
- Classical Nahuatl: ātl
- Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl: atl
- Mecayapan Nahuatl: a̱ꞌ
- Pipil: āt
- Temascaltepec Nahuatl: atl
- ⇒ Mecayapan Nahuatl: a̱ꞌti
- ⇒ Tetelcingo Nahuatl: ötzintli̱
Northern Uto-Aztecan:
- Proto-Cupan:
  - Cupeño-Cahuilla:
    - Cupeño: pal
    - Cahuilla: pal
  - Luiseño: paala
- Tübatulabal: pa·l

References

Stubbs, Brian D. (2020) [2011], “2497. *paC / *paʼwi 'water'”, in Uto-Aztecan: A comparative vocabulary‎^[1], revised online edition, Flower Mound, Texas: Shumway Family History Services, pages 379–80
Manaster Ramer, Alexis (1993), “*pa ‘water’”, in “Blood, tears, and murder: the evidence for Proto-Uto-Aztecan syllable-final consonants”, in Marle, Jaap van, editor, Historical Linguistics 1991: Papers from the 10th International Conference on Historical Linguistics, Amsterdam, 12-16 August 1991, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 201 of 199–209