Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yïpar

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*yïpar

(Common Turkic) smell, perfume, musk

Declension

Declension of *yïpar (Common Turkic)
	singular	plural ²⁾
nominative	*yïpar	*yïparlar
accusative
genitive	*yïparnïŋ	*yïparlarnïŋ
dative	*yïparka	*yïparlarka
locative	*yïparda	*yïparlarda
ablative	*yïpardan	*yïparlardan
instrumental ¹⁾		*yïparlarïn
equative ¹⁾	*yïparča	*yïparlarča

¹⁾ The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Common Turkic languages.
²⁾ This plural suffix is used only on Common Turkic, and not in Oghur. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

→ Proto-Mongolic: *ǰïxar

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish: یِپَارْ (yıpar)
  - Ottoman Turkish:
    - Turkish: yıpar (“good smell”)
- Salar: yuxar
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (yıpar)
  - Chagatai: ییپار (yypār /⁠yıpar⁠/)
    - Uyghur: ئىپار (ipar)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: йофар (yofar)
  - Tatar: [script needed] (yifar)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Karakalpak: jupar
    - Kazakh: жұпар (jūpar)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: жыпар (jıpar)
    - Southern Altai: јыбар (ǰïbar)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰘𐰯𐰺 (yïpar)
  - Old Uyghur: yyb’r (yïpar)
- North Siberian:
  - Yakut: сыбар (sïbar)

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972), “yıpa:r”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 878
Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*jɨpar”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill