Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/uya-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Morphologically obscure, but most likely a conflation of *ub(-ut)-a- (“to feel ashamed”).

Verb

*uya-

(sociology, intransitive) to feel ashamed, disgrace (a shameful act, or the feeling of shame)

Descendants

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish: اوياد (uyad), اويلمق (uyalmaq)
- Salar: uyat, uyalğusı
- Turkmen: uýat, uýalmak
Karluk:
- Karakhanid:
  - (Qutaḏɣu Bilig)^[1] اویات (ʾwyʾt /⁠uyat⁠/)
  - Chagatai: اویات (ʾwyʾt /⁠uyat⁠/)^[2]
    - Uyghur: ئۇيات (uyat, “modesty; disgrace”), ئۇيالماق (uyalmaq)^[3]
    - Uzbek: uyat, uyalmoq^[4]
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: оят (oyat), оялыу (oyalıw)
  - Tatar: оят (oyat), оялу (oyalu)
- West Kipchak:
  - Cuman: ugat (uyat), ugialurmȇ (uyalurmen)
    - Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (uyat), [script needed] (uyalmaq)
    - Crimean Tatar: uyalmaq
    - Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (uyat), [script needed] (uyal-)
    - Karaim: [script needed] (uyat), [script needed] (uyal-)
    - Kumyk: [script needed] (uyat), [script needed] (uyal-)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Karakalpak: [script needed] (uyat), [script needed] (uyal-)
    - Kazakh: ұят (ūät), ұялу (ūälu)
    - Nogai: [script needed] (uyat), [script needed] (uyal-)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: уят (uyat), уялуу (uyaluu)
    - Southern Altai: уйат (uyat), уйалар (uyalar)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic:
  - Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽶𐽰𐾀 (ʾyʾt /⁠ïyat⁠/)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tuvan: ыят (ıyat), ыядыр (ıyadır)
  - Yenisei:
    - Khakas: [script needed] (uyat), [script needed] (uyal-)

References

^ Vámbéry, Hermann (1870), Uigurische Sprachmonumente und das Kudatku Bilig (in German), Innsbruck, page 203
^ Courteille, Abel Pavet de (1870), “pudeur, honte [...]”, in Dictionnaire turk-oriental [Eastern Turkic Dictionary]‎^[1] (in French), Paris: Imprimerie Impériale, page 85
^ https://www.uighurdictionary.com/dishonor-or-dishonour/
^ https://uzbek.firespeaker.org/?u=uyat&how=is

Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*uja-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

[1] Vámbéry, Hermann (1870), Uigurische Sprachmonumente und das Kudatku Bilig (in German), Innsbruck, page 203

[2] Courteille, Abel Pavet de (1870), “pudeur, honte [...]”, in Dictionnaire turk-oriental [Eastern Turkic Dictionary]‎^[1] (in French), Paris: Imprimerie Impériale, page 85

[3] ttps://www.uighurdictionary.com/dishonor-or-dishonour/

[4] ttps://uzbek.firespeaker.org/?u=uyat&how=is

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]