Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ortu

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

*ortu

middle

Declension

Declension of *ortu
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*ortu
accusative	ortug, ortunï¹⁾
genitive	*ortunuŋ
dative	*ortuka
locative	*ortuda
ablative	*ortudan
allative	*ortugaru
instrumental ²⁾	*ortun
equative ²⁾	*ortuča
similative ²⁾	*ortulayu
comitative ²⁾	*ortulugu

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: варӑ (vară)
Common Turkic:

Arghu:
- Khalaj: orta
Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (orta)
  - Azerbaijani: orta
  - Ottoman Turkish: اورتا, اورته (orta)
    - Gagauz: orta
    - Turkish: orta
    - → Armenian: օրթա (ōrtʻa), օշտա (ōšta)
    - → Laz: ორთა (orta)
- Salar: otta
- Turkmen: orta
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: اُرْتُو (ortū), اُتْرا (otrā)
  - Uyghur: ئوتتۇرا (ottura)
  - Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (orta)
    - Chagatai: [script needed] (orta)
      - Uzbek: o'rta
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: урта (urta)
  - Tatar: урта (urta)
  - →? Chuvash: ватӑ (vat̬ă)
- West Kipchak:
  - Cuman: orta
    - Mamluk-Kipchak: اورتا (orta)
    - Crimean Tatar: orta
    - Karaim: orta
    - Kumyk: орта (orta)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Karakalpak: orta
    - Kazakh: орта (orta)
    - Nogai: орта (orta)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: орто (orto)
    - Southern Altai: орто (orto)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰆𐰺𐱃𐰆 (ur¹t¹u /⁠ortu⁠/)
  - Old Uyghur:
    - Western Yugur: [script needed] (oʰrta)
- North Siberian:
  - Dolgan: орто
  - Yakut: орто (orto)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tofa: оърту, оърта
    - Tuvan: орту (ortu), орта (orta)
  - Yenisei:
    - Khakas: орты (ortı)
    - Shor: орта
  - Northern Altai: орта (orta)

References

al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074), Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 125
Clauson, Gerard (1972), “ortu: (orto:)”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 203-204
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “orta”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Argunşah, Mustafa; Güner, Galip (2015), Codex Cumanicus (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 1491), 2022 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, →ISBN
Turkic Database.[1]