Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kut

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Compared to Proto-Tungusic *kutu-ri (“luck, fortune”), Proto-Mongolic *kutug (“fortune”) and Proto-Japonic *kàntuá (“ability, talent”) by Altaicists. Needless to say, such comparisons are not widely accepted as legitimate cognate relations by the consensus.[1]

Ramstedt compared it to Mongolian ᠬᠤᠲᠤᠭ (qutug, “fate”) and Evenki куту (kutu, “good fortune, happiness”).[2]. Räsänen agrees with him and also compares Korean 굿 (gut, “shamanic ritual”) with aforementioned Mongolic and Manchu terms.[3]

Per Clauson, a semantic development as in: rather mystical sense the favour of heaven > less specifically good fortune > more generally happiness.[4]

Noun

*kut

  1. luck, good fortune

Declension

Declension of *kut
singular 3)
nominative *kut
accusative *kutug, *kutnï1)
genitive *kutnuŋ
dative *kutka
locative *kutda
ablative *kutdan
allative *kutgaru
instrumental 2) *kutun
equative 2) *kutča
similative 2) *kutlayu
comitative 2) *kutlugu
1) Originally used only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

  • Oghuric:
    • Chuvash: хӑт (hăt, “joy, luck”)
  • Common Turkic:
  • Oghuz:
    • Western Oghuz:
      • Old Anatolian Turkish:
        • Azerbaijani: qutlu (“prosperous”), qut (“power, strength”) (dialectal)
        • Ottoman Turkish: قوت
        • Gagauz: kut (“happiness; destiny”) (outdated)
    • Eastern Oghuz
      • ⇒ Turkmen: gutlamak (“to congratulate”)
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: قُتْ
      • Chagatai: قوت (qwt /⁠qut⁠/)
        • Western Karluk:
          • Uzbek: qut (“destiny, wealth”)
        • Eastern Karluk:
          • Uyghur: قۇت (qut, “prosperity; beauty”)
  • Kipchak:
    • Kipchak-Bulgar:
      • Bashkir: ҡот (qot, “comfort; luck, happiness; talisman; spirit”)
      • Tatar: кот (qot, “spirit; joy; beauty”)
    • Kipchak-Cuman:
      • Crimean Tatar: qut (dialectal)
    • Kipchak–Nogai:
      • Karakalpak: kut (“life force, spirit; soul; happiness; amulet; talisman, supposedly protecting livestock”)
      • Kazakh: құт (qūt, “grace, abundance, richness”)
      • ⇒ Nogai: кутламага (kutlamaga, “to congratulate”)
    • Kipchak-Kyrgyz:
      • Kyrgyz: кут (kut, “soul”)
      • Southern Altai: кут (kut, “soul”)
  • Siberian Turkic:
    • Old Turkic: 𐰸𐰆𐱃 (q̊¹ut¹)
    • Old Uyghur: 𐽲𐽳𐾀 (qwt /⁠ḳut⁠/)
    • North Siberian:
    • South Siberian:
      • Sayan
      • Yeniseian:
        • Khakas: хут (xut)
        • Shor: қут (qut)


References

  • Jegorov, V. G. (1964), “kut”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), Cheboksary: Čuvašskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, page 295

Notes

  1. ^ Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*kut”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  2. ^ Ramstedt, Gustaf John (1935), Kalmückisches Wörterbuch, Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 200a
  3. ^ Räsänen, Martti (1969), Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 305a
  4. ^ Clauson, Gerard (1972), “kut”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 594a

Further reading

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