Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kumlak

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Most likely from Northeastern Iranian, perhaps borrowed Alanic *xumællæg (“hop plant”), whence Iron Ossetian хуымӕллӕг (x°ymællæg, “hop plant”).

Some sources defend the possibility of native Turkic origin, but the evidence is weak.

Noun

*kumlak

  1. hop (plant)

Declension

Declension of *kumlak
singular 3)
nominative *kumlak
accusative *kumlakïg, *kumlaknï1)
genitive *kumlaknïŋ
dative *kumlakka
locative *kumlakda
ablative *kumlakdan
allative *kumlakgaru
instrumental 2) *kumlakïn
equative 2) *kumlakča
similative 2) *kumlaklayu
comitative 2) *kumlaklïgu
1) Originally used only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Reconstruction notes

Considering its limited geographical distribution and likely foreign origin, probably not reconstructable to Proto-Turkic proper.

Many languages show secondary sound changes (epenthesis, metathesis or assimilation) which may be irregular, but attested in other words.

Descendants

  • Oghur:
    • Proto-Bulgar:
      • Volga Bulgar:
        • Chuvash: хӑмла (hămla)
        • → Mari:
          • Eastern Mari: умла (umla)
          • Western Mari: ымыла (ymyla)
        • → Mordvin:
          • Erzya: комля (komľa)
          • Moksha: комля (komlä)
    • → Hungarian: komló, homló
    • →? Proto-Slavic: *xъmelь
  • Common Turkic:
  • Medieval:
    • Karakhanid: قُمْلاقْ (qumlaq)
  • Kipchak:
    • North Kipchak:
    • South Kipchak:
  • Siberian:
    • Yenisei Turkic:
      • Khakas: хумнах (xumnax)
      • Shor: қымнақ, қубанақ
    • Northern Altai: кыбнак (kïbnak)

Further reading

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