Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kopuŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

    Alternative forms

    • *komuŕ (some scholars reconstruct *komuŕ as a separate lemma meaning “music” that later merged with *kopuŕ in the descendant languages)

    Noun

    *kopuŕ

    1. a kind of lute

    Declension

    Declension of *kopuŕ
    singular 3)
    nominative *kopuŕ
    accusative *kopuŕug, *kopuŕnï1)
    genitive *kopuŕnuŋ
    dative *kopuŕka
    locative *kopuŕta
    ablative *kopuŕtan
    allative *kopuŕgaru
    instrumental 2) *kopuŕun
    equative 2) *kopuŕča
    similative 2) *kopuŕlayu
    comitative 2) *kopuŕlugu
    1) Originally used only in pronominal declension.
    2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
    3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

    Descendants

    • →? Manchu: ᡴᡠᠮᡠᠨ (kumun, “music”)
    • →? Proto-Mongolic: *kuxur
    • Proto-Common Turkic:
    • Oghuz:
      • Old Anatolian Turkish:
        • Azerbaijani: qopuz
        • Ottoman Turkish: قوپوز (kopuz, “a lute with a somewhat globular body”)
      • Turkmen: gopuz (“mouth harp”)
    • Karluk:
      • Karakhanid: قُبُز (qopuz)
        • Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (kopuz)
          • Chagatai: [script needed] (kobuz)
            • Uyghur: قوۋۇز (qowuz)
            • Uzbek: qoʻbiz
    • Kipchak:
      • Cuman:
      • North Kipchak:
        • Bashkir: ҡумыҙ (qumıź), ҡубыҙ (qubıź)
        • Tatar: кубыз (qubız)
          • → Chuvash: купӑс (kup̬ăs), копӑс (kop̬ăs)
          • → Eastern Mari: ковыж (kovyž)
      • West Kipchak:
        • Crimean Tatar: qomuz
        • Karachay-Balkar: къобуз (qobuz)
        • Karaim: qobuz
        • Kumyk: къомуз (qomuz)
        • Urum: хобуз
      • South Kipchak:
        • Caspian:
        • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
          • Kyrgyz: кобуз (kobuz), комуз (komuz)
          • Southern Altai: комус (komus)
    • Siberian:
      • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (qopūz, qopuz)
        • Western Yugur: qoŋïs
      • North Siberian:
        • Yakut: хомус (qomus)
          • → Evenki: камус (kamus) (Uchur)
      • South Siberian:
    • → Chinese: 火不思 (huǒbùsī)
    • East Slavic:
    • → Persian: قوبوز (qôbuz)
    • → Lak: къумуз (q:umuz)

    References

    • Doerfer, Gerhard (1967), Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20)‎[1] (in German), volume 3, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, § 1546, page 535
    • Clauson, Gerard (1972), “kopuz”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 588
    • The template Template:R:trk:ESTJa does not use the parameter(s): 
      entry=қопуз
      Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.      Levitskaja, L. S.; Dybo, A. V.; Rassadin, V. I. (2000), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Indrik, page 68
    • Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*Kopuŕ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
    • Fedotov, M. R. (1996), “купӑс / копӑс”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), volume I, Cheboksary: Chuvash State Institute of Humanities, page 309
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