Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/küneš

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From *kün (“the Sun, day”) +‎ *-e- +‎ *-ĺ. According to Nişanyan, although the verb *küne- is unattested, it could have existed with the meaning "to shine", compare *yaĺčuk (“sun”) from *yaĺču- (“to shine”).

Ünal, considering Proto-Mongolic *asa- (“to burn”) and Proto-Yeniseian *pʰal (“warm”) as Turkic borrowings, reconstructs *(h)āĺ ("heat") and considers this word to be a compound of it and *kün (“the Sun, day”).^[1]

Räsänen instead considers it as contamination of *kuńāĺ with *kün.

Whether *kuńāĺ (“sunny place”) is a secondary form of this or a distinct word is uncertain, with multiple sources claiming one or the other.

Noun

*küneš(Common Turkic)

Declension

Declension of *küneš
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*küneš
accusative	künešig, künešni¹⁾
genitive	*künešniŋ
dative	*küneške
locative	*künešde
ablative	*künešden
allative	*künešgerü
instrumental ²⁾	*künešin
equative ²⁾	*künešče
similative ²⁾	*künešleyü
comitative ²⁾	*künešligü

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Common Turkic:

Arghu:
- Khalaj: künəş
Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish: كونش (güneş)
  - Azerbaijani: günəş
  - Ottoman Turkish: كونش
    - Turkish: güneş
    - Gagauz: güneş
- Salar: güniş
- Turkmen: güneş
Karluk
- Chagatai: کوناش (kwnāš /⁠künäš⁠/)
Kipchak:
- Kipchak-Bulgar:
  - Bashkir: көнәс (könəs)
- Kipchak-Cuman:
  - Crimean Tatar: küneş
  - Karaim: кӱнэш
  - Krymchak: [script needed] (günäš)
  - Kumyk: гюнеш (güneş)
- Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: күнөш (künöş)
  - Southern Altai: кӱнеш (küneš)
Siberian Turkic:
- Old Uyghur: 𐰛𐰈𐰤𐰾 (kün²s² /⁠küneš⁠/, “sunshine”)

References

^ "On *p- and Other Proto-Turkic Consonants," by Orçun Ünal (Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Göttingen, Germany) page 13

Clauson, Gerard (1972), “küneş”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 734
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “güneş”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Räsänen, Martti (1969), Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 309

[1] "On *p- and Other Proto-Turkic Consonants," by Orçun Ünal (Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Göttingen, Germany) page 13

[1]