Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/üŕüm

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

*püzeme^[1]^{[n 1]}

Etymology

From *üŕ- (“to rip, pluck”) +‎ *-üm.^[2]^[3]

Noun

*üŕüm

grape

Reconstruction notes

Initial y-, observed in some descendants, is secondary.^[4]

Declension

Declension of *üŕüm
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*üŕüm
accusative	üŕümüg, üŕümni¹⁾
genitive	*üŕümnüŋ
dative	*üŕümke
locative	*üŕümde
ablative	*üŕümden
allative	*üŕümgerü
instrumental ²⁾	*üŕümün
equative ²⁾	*üŕümče
similative ²⁾	*üŕümleyü
comitative ²⁾	*üŕümlügü

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghur:
- Bulgar:
  - Volga Bulgar:
    - Chuvash: иҫӗм (iś̬ĕm)
Proto-Common Turkic: *(h)üzüm
- → Classical Mongolian: ᠦᠵᠦᠮ (üǰüm)^[5]
  - Mongolian: үзэм (üzem)
  - Buryat: үзэм (üzem)
- → Kalmyk: үзм (üzm)

Arghu:
- Khalaj: hüzüm
Oghuz:
- Proto-Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish:
    - Azerbaijani: üzüm
      - Qashqai: اۆزۆم (üzüm)
    - Gagauz: üzüm
    - Ottoman Turkish: اوزوم (üzüm), اوزم (üzüm)
      - Turkish: üzüm
      - → Armenian: իւզիւմ (iwziwm)
  - Turkmen: üzüm
Kipchak:
- Kipchak-Bulgar:
  - Bashkir: йөҙөм (yöźöm)
  - Tatar: йөзем (yözem)
- Kipchak-Cuman:
  - Kipchak:
    - Crimean Tatar: yüzüm
    - Karachay-Balkar: джюзюм (cüzüm), жюзюм (jüzüm)
    - Kumyk: юзюм (yuzüm)
- Kipchak-Nogai:
  - Karakalpak: ju'zim
  - Kazakh: жүзім (jüzım)
  - Nogai: юзим (yuzim)
  - Siberian Tatar: өsөm
- Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: жүзүм (jüzüm)
  - Southern Altai: ӱзӱм (üzüm)
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: اُزُمْ (ʾuzum /⁠üzüm⁠/)
  - Chagatai: اوزوم (ʾwzwm /⁠üzüm⁠/)
    - Uyghur: ئۈزۈم (üzüm)
    - Uzbek: uzum
Siberian Turkic:
- Old Uyghur: 兀尊 (wùzūn /⁠üzüm⁠/)^[6]

Notes

^ Doerfer also reconstructs *püzǖme, but according to him, an etymological assumption of this word from *üŕ- (“to cut off”) would leave *püzeme as the only possibility.

References

^ Doerfer, Gerhard (1971), Khalaj Materials, Indiana University, →ISBN, pages 308, 288-289
^ Clauson, Gerard (1972), An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 288
^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “üzüm”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
^ Eren, Hasan (1999), “üzüm”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language]‎^[1] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi
^ Sanžejev, G. D.; Orlovskaja, M. N.; Ševernina, Z. V. (2015–), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ mongolʹskix jazykov: v 3 t. [Etymological dictionary of Mongolic languages: in 3 vols.] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 209
^ Yunusoğlu, Mağfiret Kemal (2012), Uygurca-Çince İdikut Sözlüğü‎^[2] (in Turkish), Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, →ISBN, pages 71, 177

[2] Doerfer also reconstructs *püzǖme, but according to him, an etymological assumption of this word from *üŕ- (“to cut off”) would leave *püzeme as the only possibility.

[Doerfer-1] Doerfer, Gerhard (1971), Khalaj Materials, Indiana University, →ISBN, pages 308, 288-289

[3] Clauson, Gerard (1972), An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 288

[4] Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “üzüm”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

[5] Eren, Hasan (1999), “üzüm”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language]‎^[1] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi

[6] Sanžejev, G. D.; Orlovskaja, M. N.; Ševernina, Z. V. (2015–), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ mongolʹskix jazykov: v 3 t. [Etymological dictionary of Mongolic languages: in 3 vols.] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 209

[7] Yunusoğlu, Mağfiret Kemal (2012), Uygurca-Çince İdikut Sözlüğü‎^[2] (in Turkish), Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, →ISBN, pages 71, 177

[1]

[n 1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]