Reconstruction:Proto-Tupi-Guarani/ko

This Proto-Tupi-Guarani entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tupi-Guarani

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Tupian *ᵑko.

Noun

*ko^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

cultivated field

Derived terms

*kopʷer
- Kaiwá: kokwe
- Mbya Guarani: kokue
- Paraguayan Guarani: kokue

Descendants

Chiripá: koy
Classical Guarani: cóg
Guajajára: ko
Guarayu: ko
⇒ Kaiwá: kóga
Old Tupi: kó
- Nheengatu: kú
Tenharim: ko
Xingú Asuriní: ka

Etymology 2

Adverb

*ko

here^[1]
this^[5]

Descendants

Guajajára: ko
Guarayu: ko
Kaiwá: ko
>? Kamayurá: koj, kuj
Mbya Guarani: koo
Old Tupi: kó
- Nheengatu: kwá, ⇒ xukúi
Paraguayan Guarani: ko
⇒ Tenharim: koa
Urubú-Kaapor: ko
Xingú Asuriní: ka

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Mello, Antônio Augusto Souza (2000), “Reconstruções Lexicais e Cognatos [Lexical reconstructions and cognates]” (chapter III), in Estudo histórico da família linguística tupi-guarani: aspectos fonológicos e lexicais [Historical study of the Tupi-Guarani language family: phonological and lexical aspects] (in Portuguese), Florianópolis: UFSC, page 172, lines 277–278
^ Corrêa da Silva, Beatriz Carretta (2010), Mawé/Awetí/Tupí-Guaraní: relações linguísticas e implicações históricas [Mawé/Awetí/Tupí-Guaraní: linguistic relations and historical implications] (in Portuguese), Brasília: UnB, page 407, line 127
^ Meira, Sérgio; Drude, Sebastian (May–August 2015), “A summary reconstruction of proto-maweti-guarani segmental phonology”, in Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas, volume 10, number 2, Belém: MCTI, →DOI, page 293
^ Nikulin, Andrey (2020), Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo [Proto-Macro-Jê: a reconstructive study] (in Portuguese), Brasília: UnB, page 570
^ Schleicher, Charles Owen (1998), Comparative and internal reconstruction of the Tupi-Guarani language family, Madison: University of Wisconsin–Madison, page 100, line 122

[mello-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Mello, Antônio Augusto Souza (2000), “Reconstruções Lexicais e Cognatos [Lexical reconstructions and cognates]” (chapter III), in Estudo histórico da família linguística tupi-guarani: aspectos fonológicos e lexicais [Historical study of the Tupi-Guarani language family: phonological and lexical aspects] (in Portuguese), Florianópolis: UFSC, page 172, lines 277–278

[2] Corrêa da Silva, Beatriz Carretta (2010), Mawé/Awetí/Tupí-Guaraní: relações linguísticas e implicações históricas [Mawé/Awetí/Tupí-Guaraní: linguistic relations and historical implications] (in Portuguese), Brasília: UnB, page 407, line 127

[3] Meira, Sérgio; Drude, Sebastian (May–August 2015), “A summary reconstruction of proto-maweti-guarani segmental phonology”, in Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas, volume 10, number 2, Belém: MCTI, →DOI, page 293

[4] Nikulin, Andrey (2020), Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo [Proto-Macro-Jê: a reconstructive study] (in Portuguese), Brasília: UnB, page 570

[5] Schleicher, Charles Owen (1998), Comparative and internal reconstruction of the Tupi-Guarani language family, Madison: University of Wisconsin–Madison, page 100, line 122

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