Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zola

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Uncertain, formally identical to the root of Proto-Slavic *nazola (“anguish, spite”), *zoliti (“to irritate”), which seem akin to Lithuanian žalà (“damage, harm”), Latvian zàlba (“damage, wound, scar”)^[1] and Proto-Germanic *gallō (“gall, poison”). Both Derksen (explicitly) and Vasmer (implicitly) relate these terms with Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green, yellow”), adding as a cognate Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ, “bile”).

Alternatively, possibly related to Ancient Greek γελῶ (gelô, “glimmer”), Ancient Greek γαλήνος (galḗnos, “still, calm, serene”) from Proto-Indo-European *ǵelH-.

Georgiev also considers connection with Proto-Germanic *kulą (“coal”), Sanskrit ज्वलति (jvalati, “to blaze”) which however are from Proto-Indo-European *ǵwelH- (“to burn, to shine”) - formally incompatible with (proper) Proto-Slavic *zola.

Noun

*zolà f^[2]

muddy, murky water
ashes
Synonym: *pepelъ

Inflection

Declension of *zolà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*zolà	*zȍlě	*zȍly
genitive	*zolý	*zolù	*zòlъ
dative	*zolě̀	*zolàma	*zolàmъ
accusative	*zȍlǫ	*zȍlě	*zȍly
instrumental	*zolojǫ́	*zolàma	*zolàmi
locative	*zȍlě	*zolù	zolàsъ, zolàxъ^*
vocative	*zolo	*zȍlě	*zȍly

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.

Derived terms

*zolavъ (“murky”)

Related terms

*zelenъ (“green”) (possibly)
*zolto (“gold”) (possibly)
*zolkъ (“young, green vegetation”) (possibly)
*zoliti (“to irritate”) (possibly)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: зала́ (zalá)
- Russian: зола́ (zolá, “ashes”)
- Ukrainian: зола́ (zolá, “ashes”)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: зола (zola)
  - → Romanian: zoale (“dirt”)
- Bulgarian: зола́ (zolá) (dated)
West Slavic:
- Czech: zola
- Old Polish: zoła
- Slovak: zola
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: zoła
  - Upper Sorbian: zoło
→ Romanian: zoaie (“dishwater, hogwash”) (possibly)

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2015), “žala”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 511
^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “zola zoly”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c ashes (NA 85, 141; SA 24; PR 138)”

[1] Derksen, Rick (2015), “žala”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 511

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001), “zola zoly”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c ashes (NA 85, 141; SA 24; PR 138)”

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