Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/trudъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

    From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tráudas, from Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to squeeze; push; press”). Cognate with Latvian trauds, Lithuanian triū̃sas (“work, effort, pains”), Proto-Germanic *þrautaz, *þrautą (“threat, affliction”).[1]

    Noun

    *trũdъ m[1][2][3]

    1. labour, effort
    2. workload

    Reconstruction notes

    There are reasons for the reconstruction of the accent paradigm c: Old East Slavic бє́з трꙋда (béz truda), по́ трꙋдѣ єго (pó trudě jego) ↔ accent paradigm b: троуда́ (trudá), троудоу̑ (trudû), троудо́мъ (trudómŭ), троудѣ̑ (trudě̂).

    Declension

    Declension of *trũdъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)
    singular dual plural
    nominative *trũdъ *trūdà *trūdì
    genitive *trūdà *trūdù *trũdъ
    dative *trūdù *trūdòma *trūdòmъ
    accusative *trũdъ *trūdà *trūdỳ
    instrumental *trūdъ̀mь, *trūdòmь* *trūdòma *trũdy
    locative *trūdě̀ *trūdù *trũděxъ
    vocative *trude *trūdà *trūdì

    * -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

    Derived terms

    • *truditi (“to toil, to do hard work”)
    • *trudьnъ (“difficult, laborious”)
      • *trudьnostь (“burden, hardship”)
    • *trudovъ (“work-/labour-related”)

    Descendants

    • East Slavic:
      • Old East Slavic: трудъ (trudŭ)
    • South Slavic:
    • West Slavic:

    Further reading

    • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “труд”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008), “*trudъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 498: “m. o (b/c) ‘labour, trouble’”
    2. ^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “trudъ”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b (PR 134); b/d (RPT 97, 102) besvær, arbejde”
    3. ^ Snoj, Marko (2016), “trud”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *trȗdъ”
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