Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tratiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Causative from *trata +‎ *-iti, likely akin to Lithuanian trótinti (“to tease, to agitate”), Samogitian trúotas (“grindstone”), Latvian trũots (“grindstone”). Outside of Balto-Slavic, perhaps cognate with Gothic 𐌸𐍂𐍉𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (þrōþjan, “to exercise”) (Proto-Germanic *þrōþijaną).

Commonly compared with *terti (“to rub”) from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, to twist”). Phonetically more compatible with Proto-Indo-European *treh₃- (“to harm, to gnaw”) (whence Ancient Greek τῐτρώσκω (tĭtrṓskō, “to hurt”)).

Verb

*tra̋titi impf^[1]

(perhaps originally^[1]) to shatter, to wreck, to crumble
(figurative) to waste, to lose
Synonym: *xabiti

Conjugation

Conjugation of *tratiti, *trati, *tratitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*traťenьje	*tratiti	*tratitъ	*tratilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*traťenъ	*tratimъ
Active	*traťь	*tratę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tratixъ	*trati	*trati	*traťǫ	*tratiši	*tratitь
Dual	*tratixově	*tratista	*tratiste	*trativě	*tratita	*tratite
Plural	*tratixomъ	*tratiste	*tratišę	*tratimъ	*tratite	*tratętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*traťaaxъ	*traťaaše	*traťaaše	—	*trati	*trati
Dual	*traťaaxově	*traťaašeta	*traťaašete	*trativě	*tratita	—
Plural	*traťaaxomъ	*traťaašete	*traťaaxǫ	*tratimъ	*tratite	—

(*)*trativъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Related terms

*tratati (“to prosecute”) (a/j-conj.)
*trata (“wreckage, waste”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: тра́ціць (trácicʹ)
- Russian: тра́тить (trátitʹ)
- Ukrainian: тра́тити (trátyty)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: тратити (tratiti)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⱅⱃⰰⱅⰻⱅⰻ (tratiti)
- Bulgarian: тра́тя (trátja) (obsolete)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: тра̏тити
  
  Latin script: trȁtiti
- Slovene: trátiti
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: tratiti
  - Czech: tratit
    - Bohemian (Chod dialect): tratit
    - Moravian (Mistřice): traťit
- Old Polish: tracić
  - Polish: tracić
- Slovak: tratiť

Non-Slavic:
- → Lithuanian: trõtyti (“to waste”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Snoj, Marko (2016), “tratiti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *tra̋titi”