Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stьklo

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Borrowed from Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌺𐌻𐍃 (stikls). The original meaning was goblet, chalice which eventually shifted towards the material from which they were made.^[1] For a similar semantic development, compare Turkish cam (“glass”) < Classical Persian (jām, “cup”).

Noun

*stьklo n

glass

Declension

Declension of *stьklo (hard o-stem)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*stьklo	*stьklě	*stьkla
genitive	*stьkla	*stьklu	*stьklъ
dative	*stьklu	*stьkloma	*stьklomъ
accusative	*stьklo	*stьklě	*stьkla
instrumental	stьklъmь, stьklomь^*	*stьkloma	*stьkly
locative	*stьklě	*stьklu	*stьklěxъ
vocative	*stьklo	*stьklě	*stьkla

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: стькло (stĭklo)
  - Old Ruthenian: скло (sklo)
    - Ukrainian: скло (sklo)
  - Russian: стекло́ (stekló), скло (sklo) — dialectal (with paradigm leveling)
    - → Even: стекло (steklo)
    - → Kildin Sami: сте̄клэ (stiekle)
    - → Yakut: өстүөкүлэ (östüöküle)
    - → Yup'ik: estikluuq
  - → Latvian: stikls
South Slavic:
- ⇒ Old Church Slavonic: стьклѣница (stĭklěnica)
- Bulgarian: стъкло́ (stǎkló), цкло (cklo)
- Macedonian: стакло (staklo)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ста̀кло, скло̏, цкло̏
  
  Latin script: stàklo, sklȍ, cklȍ
  - Montenegrin (Piperi): stȁkło
- Slovene: stéklo (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: stklo
  - Czech: sklo
- Kashubian: skło, sckło
- Old Polish: śćkło, śkło
  - Polish: szkło
    - → Old Ruthenian: шкло (šklo)
      - Belarusian: шкло (šklo)
      - Ukrainian: шкло (šklo)
- Slovak: sklo
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: škla
  - Upper Sorbian: škla

→ Lithuanian: stiklas
→ Latvian: stikls
→? Old Prussian: sticlo (perhaps directly from Gothic)
→ Romanian: sticlă (via some Slavic language)

References

^ Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “стекло́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

[1] Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “стекло́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

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