Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sorka
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śárˀkāˀ. Cognate with Lithuanian šárka (“magpie”), Old Prussian sarke (“magpie”), Finnish harakka (“magpie”). Eventually connected with Russian со́рок (sórok, “forty”).[1]
The original form was *sorka, with non-etymological *-v- in some daughters introduced by analogy from *svьrčati (“to whistle”), possibly in order to avoid confusion with the (reflex of the) verb *sьrati (“to defecate”).
Noun
*sòrka f[2]
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *sòrka | *sòrcě | *sòrky |
| genitive | *sòrky | *sòrku | *sòrkъ |
| dative | *sòrcě | *sòrkama | *sòrkamъ |
| accusative | *sòrkǫ | *sòrcě | *sòrky |
| instrumental | *sòrkojǫ, *sòrkǭ** | *sòrkama | *sòrkamī |
| locative | *sòrcě | *sòrku | *sòrkasъ, *sòrkaxъ* |
| vocative | *sòrko | *sòrcě | *sòrky |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Alternative forms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- → Hungarian: szarka
Further reading
- Derksen, Rick (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 477
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “сорока”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Gluhak, Alemko (1993), “sorka”, in Hrvatski etimološki rječnik [Croatian Etymology Dictionary] (in Serbo-Croatian), Zagreb: August Cesarec, →ISBN, page 601
Etymology 2
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian šar̃kas, švar̃kas (“jacket, coat”), Latvian svā̀rks (“skirt”) (-v- possibly is influence of švarùs (“clean”))
Noun
*sorka f
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *sorka | *sorcě | *sorky |
| genitive | *sorky | *sorku | *sorkъ |
| dative | *sorcě | *sorkama | *sorkamъ |
| accusative | *sorkǫ | *sorcě | *sorky |
| instrumental | *sorkojǫ, *sorkǫ** | *sorkama | *sorkami |
| locative | *sorcě | *sorku | *sorkasъ, *sorkaxъ* |
| vocative | *sorko | *sorcě | *sorky |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *sorčica
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- → Albanian: shark
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “сорочка”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912), “сорочица, сорочька”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments][1] (in Russian), volume 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 467
References
- ^ https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-russian/forty
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*svòrka; *sòrka”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 477: “f. ā (a) ‘magpie’”