Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/olьxa

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ališ- / *eliš-, of disputed origin:

Noun

*olьxa f[3][2]

  1. alder

Declension

Declension of *olьxa (hard a-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *olьxa *olьśě *olьxy
genitive *olьxy *olьxu *olьxъ
dative *olьśě *olьxama *olьxamъ
accusative *olьxǫ *olьśě *olьxy
instrumental *olьxojǫ, *olьxǫ** *olьxama *olьxami
locative *olьśě *olьxu *olьxasъ, *olьxaxъ*
vocative *olьxo *olьśě *olьxy

* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Alternative reconstructions

  • *olьša / *elьša (ja-stem)

Descendants

  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: ольха (olĭxa), вольха (volĭxa)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: ольха (olĭxa)
    • ⇒ Slovene: ọ́lša (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Polish: olcha
    • Slovak: ol'xa (dialectal)

References

  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2013), “Substratum words in Balto-Slavic”, in Filologija‎[1], volume 60, Zagreb, published 2014, page 83 of 75–102: “PSl. *olьxa ‘alder’”
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Snoj, Marko (2016), “jelša”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *jelьša̋, *olьša̋”
  3. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*olьxa, *elьxa”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 370: “f. ā “alder””

Further reading

  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “о́льха́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Trubachyov, O., Zhuravlyov, A. F., editors (2005), “*olьxa”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 32 (*obžьnъ – *orzbotati), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 81
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