Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/lǫkъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Balto-Slavic *lenk-

Proto-Balto-Slavic *lankás

Proto-Slavic *lǫkъ

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *lankás. Related to the verb *lęťi (“to bend”). Cognate with Lithuanian lañkas (“bow, arc”) and Latvian loks (“bow; arch”).

Noun

*lǫ̑kъ m^[1]^[2]

bow (weapon used for shooting arrows)

Declension

Declension of *lǫ̑kъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*lǫ̑kъ	*lǫ̑ka	*lǫ̑ci
genitive	*lǫ̑ka	*lǫkù	*lǫ̃kъ
dative	*lǫ̑ku	*lǫkomà	*lǫkòmъ
accusative	*lǫ̑kъ	*lǫ̑ka	*lǫ̑ky
instrumental	lǫ̑kъmь, lǫ̑komь^*	*lǫkomà	*lǫký
locative	*lǫ̑cě	*lǫkù	*lǫcě̃xъ
vocative	*lǫče	*lǫ̑ka	*lǫ̑ci

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Related terms

*lękati, *lęcati (“to set traps, to scare?”)
*lękъ (“bent”)
*lęťi (“to bend”)
*lǫčьje (“rush”)
*lǫkàvъ (“curved, cunning”)
*lǭčìti (“to separate”)
*lǭkà (“low-lying meadow”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: лукъ (lukŭ)
  - Belarusian: лук (luk)
  - Russian: лук (luk)
  - Ukrainian: лук (luk)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: лѫкъ (lǫkŭ)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⰾⱘⰽⱏ (lǫkŭ)
- Bulgarian: лък (lǎk), лънк (lǎnk) (dialectal)
- Macedonian: лак (lak)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: лу̑к
  
  Latin script: lȗk
- Slovene: lọ̑k (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Czech: luk
  - → Polish: łuk
- Kashubian: łãk
- Polabian: lauk
- Polish: łęk
- Slovak: luk

Non-Slavic:
- → Proto-Finnic: *lookka (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*lǫ̑kъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 289: “m. o (c) ‘bow’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “lǫkъ lǫka”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “d hoop, arc; bow (NA 100; SA 22; OSA 41; PR 137)”

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*lǫ̑kъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 289: “m. o (c) ‘bow’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001), “lǫkъ lǫka”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “d hoop, arc; bow (NA 100; SA 22; OSA 41; PR 137)”

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