Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kotorъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *koterъjь. For e/o alternation, see also *bebrъ, *elьxa.

Determiner

*kotorъ^[1]

alternative form of *koterъjь

Declension

Definite declension of *kotorъ (hard)
singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*kotorъjь	*kotoraja	*kotoroje
genitive	*kotorajego	*kotoryję̇	*kotorajego
dative	*kotorujemu	*kotorěji	*kotorujemu
accusative	*kotorъjь	*kotorǫjǫ	*kotoroje
instrumental	*kotoryjimь	*kotorǫjǫ	*kotoryjimь
locative	*kotorějemь	*kotorěji	*kotorějemь
vocative	*kotorъjь	*kotoraja	*kotoroje
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*kotoraja	*kotorěji	*kotorěji
genitive	*kotoruju	*kotoruju	*kotoruju
dative	*kotoryjima	*kotoryjima	*kotoryjima
accusative	*kotoraja	*kotorěji	*kotorěji
instrumental	*kotoryjima	*kotoryjima	*kotoryjima
locative	*kotoruju	*kotoruju	*kotoruju
vocative	*kotoraja	*kotorěji	*kotorěji
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*kotoriji	*kotoryję̇	*kotoraja
genitive	*kotorъjixъ	*kotorъjixъ	*kotorъjixъ
dative	*kotoryjimъ	*kotoryjimъ	*kotoryjimъ
accusative	*kotoryję̇	*kotoryję̇	*kotoraja
instrumental	*kotoryjimi	*kotoryjimi	*kotoryjimi
locative	*kotoryjixъ	*kotoryjixъ	*kotoryjixъ
vocative	*kotoriji	*kotoryję̇	*kotoraja

Alternative forms

*koterъjь

Derived terms

*někotorъjь (“some, any”)
*nikotorъjь (“no, none”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: като́ры (katóry)
- Russian: кото́рый (kotóryj)
  - → Kildin Sami: каторэ (katore)
- Carpathian Rusyn: котрый (kotrŷj)
- Ukrainian: котри́й (kotrýj)
  - → Pannonian Rusyn: котри (kotri)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: которъ (kotorŭ, “which?; some, any”), котеръ (koterŭ)
- Bulgarian: котри (kotri) (Southern Dialects)
West Slavic:
- Old Polish: który, chtóry, ftóry, tkóry
  - Polish: który, chtóry, chtury (Kuyavia), tkóry (Kuyavia, Sieradz, Piotrków Voivodeship), chtory, ftory (Podegrodzie)
  - Silesian: ftory, ktōry
- Old Slovak: chterý, chtorý, kotorý, který, ktorý
  - Pannonian Rusyn: хтори (xtori)
  - Slovak: ktorý
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: chtëri
  - Slovincian: chtôry
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: kótary
  - Upper Sorbian: kotry

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*koterъ; *kotorъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 240: “prn. ‘who, which’”

Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*koterъjь/kotorъjь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 201
Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999), “который”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 436
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “который”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*koterъ; *kotorъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 240: “prn. ‘who, which’”

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