Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kosъ
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
Per Derksen, probably from an earlier *kopsъ, related to Ancient Greek κόψιχος (kópsikhos), κόσσυφος (kóssuphos), although the variation in the Greek forms suggests a Pre-Greek substratum word, which may have been borrowed both by Slavic and Greek.[1]
Noun
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kȍsъ | *kȍsa | *kȍsi |
| genitive | *kȍsa | *kosù | *kòsъ |
| dative | *kȍsu | *kosomà | *kosòmъ |
| accusative | *kȍsъ | *kȍsa | *kȍsy |
| instrumental | *kȍsъmь, *kȍsomь* | *kosomà | *kosý |
| locative | *kȍsě | *kosù | *kosě̃xъ |
| vocative | *kose | *kȍsa | *kȍsi |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Russian: кос (kos) (archaic, dialectal)
- Ukrainian: кіс (kis) (dialectal)
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “кос”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kosъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 175
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “кос¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 652
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kȏsъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 239: “m. o (c) ‘blackbird’”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016), “kọ̑s²”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*kȍsъ”
Etymology 2
Continues Proto-Indo-European *kosós (possibly Proto-Indo-European *kosús, based on the doublet *kosvenъ), from Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to scratch”) or depalatalized Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- (“to castrate, to prune”).
Adjective
Declension
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kosъ | *kosa | *koso |
| genitive | *kosa | *kosy | *kosa |
| dative | *kosu | *kosě | *kosu |
| accusative | *kosъ | *kosǫ | *koso |
| instrumental | *kosomь | *kosojǫ | *kosomь |
| locative | *kosě | *kosě | *kosě |
| vocative | *kose | *koso | *koso |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *kosa | *kosě | *kosě |
| genitive | *kosu | *kosu | *kosu |
| dative | *kosoma | *kosama | *kosoma |
| accusative | *kosa | *kosě | *kosě |
| instrumental | *kosoma | *kosama | *kosoma |
| locative | *kosu | *kosu | *kosu |
| vocative | *kosa | *kosě | *kosě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *kosi | *kosy | *kosa |
| genitive | *kosъ | *kosъ | *kosъ |
| dative | *kosomъ | *kosamъ | *kosomъ |
| accusative | *kosy | *kosy | *kosa |
| instrumental | *kosy | *kosami | *kosy |
| locative | *kosěxъ | *kosaxъ | *kosěxъ |
| vocative | *kosi | *kosy | *kosa |
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kosъjь | *kosaja | *kosoje |
| genitive | *kosajego | *kosyję̇ | *kosajego |
| dative | *kosujemu | *kosěji | *kosujemu |
| accusative | *kosъjь | *kosǫjǫ | *kosoje |
| instrumental | *kosyjimь | *kosǫjǫ | *kosyjimь |
| locative | *kosějemь | *kosěji | *kosějemь |
| vocative | *kosъjь | *kosaja | *kosoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *kosaja | *kosěji | *kosěji |
| genitive | *kosuju | *kosuju | *kosuju |
| dative | *kosyjima | *kosyjima | *kosyjima |
| accusative | *kosaja | *kosěji | *kosěji |
| instrumental | *kosyjima | *kosyjima | *kosyjima |
| locative | *kosuju | *kosuju | *kosuju |
| vocative | *kosaja | *kosěji | *kosěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *kosiji | *kosyję̇ | *kosaja |
| genitive | *kosъjixъ | *kosъjixъ | *kosъjixъ |
| dative | *kosyjimъ | *kosyjimъ | *kosyjimъ |
| accusative | *kosyję̇ | *kosyję̇ | *kosaja |
| instrumental | *kosyjimi | *kosyjimi | *kosyjimi |
| locative | *kosyjixъ | *kosyjixъ | *kosyjixъ |
| vocative | *kosiji | *kosyję̇ | *kosaja |
Derived terms
Related terms
- *česati (“to scratch, to comb”)
- *kosa (“scythe”)
- *kasati (“to tort, to concern”)
- *kosъkъ (“slightly tilted, out of balance”)
- *kosьnъ (“curved, tilted”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “косо́й”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kosъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 177
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “кос²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 652
References
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “kosъ kosa koso”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c skæv (PR 138)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016), “kọ̑s³”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*kȍsъ”