Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kaluža

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

    From *kalъ +‎ *-uža.[1] Related to *kaluga (“puddle”).

    Noun

    *kaluža f[2]

    1. mud, pool, puddle

    Declension

    Declension of *kaluža (soft a-stem)
    singular dual plural
    nominative *kaluža *kaluži *kalužę̇
    genitive *kalužę̇ *kalužu *kalužь
    dative *kaluži *kalužama *kalužamъ
    accusative *kalužǫ *kaluži *kalužę̇
    instrumental *kalužejǫ, *kalužǫ** *kalužama *kalužami
    locative *kaluži *kalužu *kalužasъ, *kalužaxъ*
    vocative *kaluže *kaluži *kalužę̇

    * -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
    ** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

    Descendants

    • East Slavic:
      • Belarusian: калу́жа (kalúža) (dialectal)
      • Russian: калю́жа́ (kaljúžá) (dialectal)
      • Ukrainian: калю́жа (kaljúža), калу́жа (kalúža) (dialectal)
    • South Slavic:
    • West Slavic:

    References

    1. ^ Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “kałuża”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 220
    2. ^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*kaluža”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 126
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