Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/govьno

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gawāˀ, of uncertain origin:

Originally "cow dung", from *govьno (“cow's”) +‎ * some noun, from adjective *govьnъ, from *gov-, from *gʷṓws (“cow”). Compare Old Prussian aswinan (dadan) (“mare's milk”). Related to *govędo (“cattlehead”), *gumьno (“threshing floor”).
From Proto-Indo-European *gʷewH-. Related to Sanskrit गूथ (gūtha, “feces”) and *gaviti (“to disgust”).

Noun

*govьnò n^[1]^[2]^[3]

shit
Synonym: *lajьno

Inflection

Declension of *govьnò (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*govьnò	*govь̀ně	*govьnà
genitive	*govьnà	*govьnù	*govь̀nъ
dative	*govьnù	*govьnòma	*govьnòmъ
accusative	*govьnò	*govь̀ně	*govьnà
instrumental	govьnъ̀mь, govьnòmь^*	*govьnòma	*govь̀ny
locative	*govьně̀	*govьnù	*govь̀něxъ
vocative	*govьnò	*govь̀ně	*govьnà

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: говьно (govĭno)
  - Belarusian: гаўно́ (hawnó)
  - Russian: говно́ (govnó), гомно́ (gomnó)
  - Carpathian Rusyn: говно (hovno)
  - Ukrainian: гівно́ (hivnó), гімно́ (himnó)
South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: говно́ (govnó)
- Macedonian: го́мно (gómno)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: го́вно
  
  Latin script: góvno
- Slovene: góvno (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Czech: hovno
- Old Polish: gówno
  - Polish: gówno
  - Silesian: gōwno
- Polabian: ďünă
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: gòwno
  - Slovincian: gównô
- Slovak: hovno
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: gowno
  - Upper Sorbian: howno

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*govьnò”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 182: “n. o (b) ‘shit’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “govьno”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b lort (PR 135)”
^ Snoj, Marko (2016), “gọ́vno”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*govьnȍ”

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*govьnò”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 182: “n. o (b) ‘shit’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001), “govьno”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b lort (PR 135)”

[3] Snoj, Marko (2016), “gọ́vno”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*govьnȍ”

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