Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gadati
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Disputed. Derksen lists three hypotheses:
- From an elongated ō-grade Proto-Indo-European *gʰōd-, from root *gʰed- (“to take, to hold, to find”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *getaną (“to get, to perceive, to acquire”) (the source of English get) and akin to ne-infix presents Ancient Greek χανδάνω (khandánō, “to contain”), Latin prehendō (“to seize, to take”). Favoured by Vasmer.
- Related to synonymous *gatati, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʷet-, *gʷed- (“to say, to speak”). If so, then akin to Proto-Germanic *kweþaną (“to say”), Sanskrit गदति (gádati) (perhaps originating from a mixture of *gat- with वदति (vádati)). Supported by Berneker, Chernykh, Seebold, who also give as cognates Lithuanian godóti (“to honor, to respect, to think, to believe”), Latvian gãdât (“to take care, to look after”) (further related to Lithuanian godẽlė (“thought, guess”), gùosti (“to care”)).
- Possibly related to Proto-Slavic *goditi (“to please”), *gaďati (“to aim, to make relation”), Lithuanian guõdas (“worth, honour”), Latvian gadît (“to happen to find”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- (“to suit, to join, to gather”). Favoured by Sławski, Zubatý.
Given Winter's law, the last option is phonetically most preferable.
Verb
*gādàti impf (perfective *ganǫti)[1][2]
- to guess, to conjecture
- Synonym: *gatati
- to talk, to argue (Northern Slavic)
Inflection
Conjugation of *gadati, *gada, *gadajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *gadanьje | *gadati | *gadatъ | *gadalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *gadanъ | *gadajemъ |
| Active | *gadavъ | *gadaję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *gadaxъ | *gada | *gada | *gadajǫ | *gadaješi | *gadajetь |
| Dual | *gadaxově | *gadasta | *gadaste | *gadajevě | *gadajeta | *gadajete |
| Plural | *gadaxomъ | *gadaste | *gadašę | *gadajemъ | *gadajete | *gadajǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *gadaaxъ | *gadaaše | *gadaaše | — | *gadaji | *gadaji |
| Dual | *gadaaxově | *gadaašeta | *gadaašete | *gadajivě | *gadajita | — |
| Plural | *gadaaxomъ | *gadaašete | *gadaaxǫ | *gadajimъ | *gadajite | — |
Derived terms
Verbs
- *orzgadati
- *otъgadati
- *zagadati
Nouns
- *gadateľь
- *gadъka
- *gasnь
Related terms
- *ganati (“to utter, to talk”)
- *gatati (“to guess”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999), “гада́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 175
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “гада́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*gadati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 77
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “гадая”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 223
- “godoti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gādàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 160: “v. ‘guess’”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016), “uganīti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “pslovan. *gada̋ti”