Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/děva
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck, suckle”), whence also Ancient Greek θῆλῠς (thêlŭs, “feminine”), Latin fēcundus (“fertile”),[1] femina (“woman”), Hittite 𒋼𒂊𒋫𒀭 (te-e-ta-an, “breast, teat”), Sanskrit धयति (dháyati, “suck, suckle”), Gothic 𐌳𐌰𐌳𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (daddjan, “suckle”) and Old Armenian դիեմ (diem, “suck, suckle”).
Original meaning was thus "one that can suckle, nurse". Compare *dojiti (“to give milk, nurse, breastfeed”).
Noun
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *dě̀va | *dě̀vě | *dě̀vy |
| genitive | *dě̀vy | *dě̀vu | *dě̀vъ |
| dative | *dě̀vě | *dě̀vama | *dě̀vamъ |
| accusative | *dě̀vǫ | *dě̀vě | *dě̀vy |
| instrumental | *dě̀vojǫ, *dě̀vǭ** | *dě̀vama | *dě̀vamī |
| locative | *dě̀vě | *dě̀vu | *dě̀vasъ, *dě̀vaxъ* |
| vocative | *dě̀vo | *dě̀vě | *dě̀vy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *děvà | *dě̑vě | *dě̑vy |
| genitive | *děvý | *děvù | *dě̃vъ |
| dative | *děvě̀ | *děvàma | *děvàmъ |
| accusative | *dě̑vǫ | *dě̑vě | *dě̑vy |
| instrumental | *děvojǫ́ | *děvàma | *děvàmi |
| locative | *dě̑vě | *děvù | *děvàsъ, *děvàxъ* |
| vocative | *děvo | *dě̑vě | *dě̑vy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
Derived terms
- *děvica
- *děvьstvo
- *děvoja
- *děvosnubъ
- *děvovati
- *děvuxa
- *děvъjь
- *děvъka
Related terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “дева”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*děva”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 17
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008), “*dě̀va”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 105: “f. ā (a) ‘maiden, girl’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “děva”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (PR 132; RPT 110)”