Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bolěti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

*boljěti (Trubachev (ESSJa))

Etymology

Derksen: From Proto-Indo-European *bʰel(H)-; cognate with Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (balwjan, “to martyr”), Old Norse bǫlva (“to curse”), Old Irish bealaim (“to die”). Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₂w- (Ancient Greek φλαῦρος (phlaûros, “bad, inferior”), Old Norse blauðr (“timid”)) alongside *bʰelh₂-.
Trubachev (ESSJa): Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bel- (“strong”) by taboo replacement; cognate with Sanskrit बल (bálaṃ, “strength, power”), Ancient Greek βελτίων (beltíōn, “better”), Russian большо́й (bolʹšój, “big, great”).

Verb

*bolě̀ti impf^[1]^[2]

to ache

Inflection

Conjugation of *bolěti, *bolě, *bolitь (impf., intr., -ě/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*bolěnьje	*bolěti	*bolětъ	*bolělъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	—	—
Active	*bolěvъ	*bolę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*bolěxъ	*bolě	*bolě	*boľǫ	*boliši	*bolitь
Dual	*bolěxově	*bolěsta	*bolěste	*bolivě	*bolita	*bolite
Plural	*bolěxomъ	*bolěste	*bolěšę	*bolimъ	*bolite	*bolętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*bolěaxъ	*bolěaše	*bolěaše	—	*boli	*boli
Dual	*bolěaxově	*bolěašeta	*bolěašete	*bolivě	*bolita	—
Plural	*bolěaxomъ	*bolěašete	*bolěaxǫ	*bolimъ	*bolite	—

Derived terms

*bȏlь (“pain”)
*bolěžьka
*bolěznь

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: болѣти (bolěti)
  - Middle Belarusian: болѣти (bolěti)
    - Belarusian: бале́ць (baljécʹ)
  - Russian: боле́ть (bolétʹ)
  - Ukrainian: болі́ти (bolíty)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: болѣти (bolěti)
  
  Glagolitic: [Term?]
  
  → Romanian: a boli
- Bulgarian: болѐя (bolèja), боли́ (bolí, “to be ill”), боля́ (boljá)
- Macedonian: боли (boli)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: бо̀љети
  
  Latin script: bòljeti
  - Chakavian (Vrgada): bolȉti
  - Chakavian (Orbanići): bolȅt
- Slovene: bolẹ́ti (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: bolěti
  - Czech: bolet
    - Bohemian (Chod dialect): bolít
- Old Polish: boleć
  - Polish: boleć
  - Silesian: boleć
- Polabian: bülĕ (3sg.)
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: bòlec
  - Slovincian: bôlec
- Slovak: bolieť
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: bóleś
  - Upper Sorbian: boleć

Non-slavic:
- Romanian: boli

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*bolě̀ti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 51: “v. (c) ‘ache’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “bolěti: boljǫ bolitь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c gøre ondt (PR 139)”