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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Probably polygenetic. Proposed origins:
- Some of the meanings from *bъrkъ (“whisker, quill”) + *-ati, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“to pierce, to bore”).
- Onomatopoeic, akin to Proto-Slavic *bъrčati (“to buzz, to drone, to whizz”), *burkati (“to growl, to grumble”) and Lithuanian bur̃kti, bur̃kšti (“to bang, to rattle”).
Compare also Proto-Slavic *brъkati (“to shove, to mingle, to stir”).
Verb
*bъrkàti impf (perfective *bъrknǫti or *bъrkovati)[1]
- to trim, to crop (feathers, beard) (in East Slavic)
- to flatter (wings) → to whoosh, to hurl, to fly away (in West Slavic)
- to poke, to kick
- → (by extension) to wrinkle, to curl
- → (figurative) to chase away
- (reflexive) to drive, to swing oneself
Conjugation
Conjugation of
*bъrkati, *bъrka, *bъrčetь (
impf., -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *bъrkanьje
|
*bъrkati
|
*bъrkatъ
|
*bъrkalъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*bъrkanъ
|
*bъrčemъ
|
| Active
|
*bъrkavъ
|
*bъrčę
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*bъrkaxъ |
*bъrka |
*bъrka
|
*bъrčǫ |
*bъrčeši |
*bъrčetь
|
| Dual
|
*bъrkaxově |
*bъrkasta |
*bъrkaste
|
*bъrčevě |
*bъrčeta |
*bъrčete
|
| Plural
|
*bъrkaxomъ |
*bъrkaste |
*bъrkašę
|
*bъrčemъ |
*bъrčete |
*bъrčǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*bъrkaaxъ |
*bъrkaaše |
*bъrkaaše
|
— |
*bъrči |
*bъrči
|
| Dual
|
*bъrkaaxově |
*bъrkaašeta |
*bъrkaašete
|
*bъrčivě |
*bъrčita |
—
|
| Plural
|
*bъrkaaxomъ |
*bъrkaašete |
*bъrkaaxǫ
|
*bъrčimъ |
*bъrčite |
—
|
Conjugation of
*bъrkati, *bъrka, *bъrkajetь (
impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *bъrkanьje
|
*bъrkati
|
*bъrkatъ
|
*bъrkalъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*bъrkanъ
|
*bъrkajemъ
|
| Active
|
*bъrkavъ
|
*bъrkaję
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*bъrkaxъ |
*bъrka |
*bъrka
|
*bъrkajǫ |
*bъrkaješi |
*bъrkajetь
|
| Dual
|
*bъrkaxově |
*bъrkasta |
*bъrkaste
|
*bъrkajevě |
*bъrkajeta |
*bъrkajete
|
| Plural
|
*bъrkaxomъ |
*bъrkaste |
*bъrkašę
|
*bъrkajemъ |
*bъrkajete |
*bъrkajǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*bъrkaaxъ |
*bъrkaaše |
*bъrkaaše
|
— |
*bъrkaji |
*bъrkaji
|
| Dual
|
*bъrkaaxově |
*bъrkaašeta |
*bъrkaašete
|
*bъrkajivě |
*bъrkajita |
—
|
| Plural
|
*bъrkaaxomъ |
*bъrkaašete |
*bъrkaaxǫ
|
*bъrkajimъ |
*bъrkajite |
—
|
Derived terms
- *pribъrkati (“to beat, to stroke”)
- *vъbъrkati, *ubъrkati (“to poke into”)
- *borti (“to fight, to challenge”)
- *bъrčiti (“to wrinkle, to curl”)
- *bъrkъ (“whisker, quill”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Russian: бо́ркать (bórkatʹ)
- Ukrainian: бо́ркати (bórkaty, “to trim bird's feathers”)
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: бъ́ркам (bǎ́rkam), бъ́рча (bǎ́rča)
- Macedonian: брка (brka, “to chase”)
- Serbo-Croatian: (dialectal)
- Cyrillic script: бр̀кати (“to beat, to smack”)
- Latin script: br̀kati (“to beat, to smack”)
- Slovene: brkljáti (tonal orthography), bŕcati
- West Slavic:
- Czech: brkat, brchat
- Old Polish: barkać
- Slovak: bŕkať
- Pomeranian:
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: barkaś
- Upper Sorbian: barkać
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1976), “*bъrkati (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 3 (*bratrьcь – *cьrky), Moscow: Nauka, page 126
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “боркать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “бъркам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 102
References