Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-okъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

    Nominal suffix, derived from *-kъ appended to o-stems *-ъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-kós.

    Suffix

    *-òkъ m

    1. (Regional) From feminine animal nouns (usually in i-stem), forms the respective masculine counter-part (in South Slavic)
      *pъtъka (“duck”) → *pъtokъ (“drake”)
      *mečьka f (“bear”) → *mečokъ f (“bear”)
      *gǫsь (“goose”) → *gǫsokъ (“gander”)
      *myšь f (“mouse”) → *myšokъ m (“mouse”)
    2. From adjectives, forms a carrier of the adjective
      Synonyms: *-ьcь, *-ežь, *-ьjь
      *moldъ (“young”) → *moldokъ (“novice, youth, young tree”)
      *starъ (“old”) → *starokъ (“veteran, elderly”)
      *slěpъ (“blind”) → *slěpokъ (“blind creature/person”)
      Pre-Slavic *sklǫbъ (“lateral”) → *xlǫbokъ (“hip”)
    3. From prepositions, forms a carrier of the adjective
      0-grade of *per (“for, per”) → *prokъ (“remnant, remainder”)
    Declension
    Declension of *-okъ (hard o-stem)
    singular dual plural
    nominative *-okъ *-oka *-oci
    genitive *-oka *-oku *-okъ
    dative *-oku *-okoma *-okomъ
    accusative *-okъ *-oka *-oky
    instrumental *-okъmь, *-okomь* *-okoma *-oky
    locative *-ocě *-oku *-ocěxъ
    vocative *-oče *-oka *-oci

    * -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

    Etymology 2

      Adjectival suffix, derived from *-kъ appended to o-stems *-ъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-kos.

      Suffix

      *-òkъ

      1. From gauge nouns in i-stem, forms adjectives with pertaining meaning: -y
        *glǫbь (“depth”) → *glǫbokъ (“deep”)
        *vysь (“height, elevation”) → *vysokъ (“high, elevated”)
        *širь (“scope, vast space”) → *širokъ (“wide”)
        *dalь (“distance”) → *dalekъ (“distant”)
        *žestь (“stiffness”) → *žestokъ (“cruel, severe”)
        Pre-Slavic *grǫstь (“roughness, cavity”) → *grǫstokъ (“rough, sturdy”)
      Declension
      Indefinite declension of *-okъ (hard)
      singular masculine feminine neuter
      nominative *-okъ *-oka *-oko
      genitive *-oka *-oky *-oka
      dative *-oku *-ocě *-oku
      accusative *-okъ *-okǫ *-oko
      instrumental *-okomь *-okojǫ *-okomь
      locative *-ocě *-ocě *-ocě
      vocative *-oče *-oko *-oko
      dual masculine feminine neuter
      nominative *-oka *-ocě *-ocě
      genitive *-oku *-oku *-oku
      dative *-okoma *-okama *-okoma
      accusative *-oka *-ocě *-ocě
      instrumental *-okoma *-okama *-okoma
      locative *-oku *-oku *-oku
      vocative *-oka *-ocě *-ocě
      plural masculine feminine neuter
      nominative *-oci *-oky *-oka
      genitive *-okъ *-okъ *-okъ
      dative *-okomъ *-okamъ *-okomъ
      accusative *-oky *-oky *-oka
      instrumental *-oky *-okami *-oky
      locative *-ocěxъ *-okaxъ *-ocěxъ
      vocative *-oci *-oky *-oka
      Definite declension of *-okъ (hard)
      singular masculine feminine neuter
      nominative *-okъjь *-okaja *-okoje
      genitive *-okajego *-okyję̇ *-okajego
      dative *-okujemu *-ocěji *-okujemu
      accusative *-okъjь *-okǫjǫ *-okoje
      instrumental *-okyjimь *-okǫjǫ *-okyjimь
      locative *-ocějemь *-ocěji *-ocějemь
      vocative *-okъjь *-okaja *-okoje
      dual masculine feminine neuter
      nominative *-okaja *-ocěji *-ocěji
      genitive *-okuju *-okuju *-okuju
      dative *-okyjima *-okyjima *-okyjima
      accusative *-okaja *-ocěji *-ocěji
      instrumental *-okyjima *-okyjima *-okyjima
      locative *-okuju *-okuju *-okuju
      vocative *-okaja *-ocěji *-ocěji
      plural masculine feminine neuter
      nominative *-ociji *-okyję̇ *-okaja
      genitive *-okъjixъ *-okъjixъ *-okъjixъ
      dative *-okyjimъ *-okyjimъ *-okyjimъ
      accusative *-okyję̇ *-okyję̇ *-okaja
      instrumental *-okyjimi *-okyjimi *-okyjimi
      locative *-okyjixъ *-okyjixъ *-okyjixъ
      vocative *-ociji *-okyję̇ *-okaja
      Alternative forms
      • *-ekъ (when appended to yo-stems)

      Derived terms

      Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-okъ
      Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dalekъ
      Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/drokъ
      Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/širokъ
      Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vysokъ
      Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žestokъ
      Category Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ekъ not found

      References

      • Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “мишо̀к¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 144
      • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1992), “*moldokъ/*moldoka”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 19 (*męs⁽'⁾arь – *morzakъ), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 169
      • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*grǫstokъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 147

      Further reading

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