Reconstruction:Proto-Siouan/wahtą́·(-re)

This Proto-Siouan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Siouan

Etymology

Contains the prefix *wa- (absolutive prefix).

The cluster *pt in Mississippi Valley Siouan results from the collapse of prefix *wa- with the root. This yields aspirated *ht or its reflexes (tt, th, čh) in Chiwere, Winnebago and Dhegiha. While stops in accented syllables are typically aspirated in Proto-Siouan, some exceptions exist.

Noun

*wahtą́·(-re)

  1. autumn, fall (season)

Reconstruction notes

The root-initial aspiration is reconstructed based on Mississippi Valley Siouan evidence, though many languages have either lost historical aspiration (Crow, Hidatsa, Mandan) or have unclear transcription of aspiration (Biloxi, Tutelo).

Descendants

  • Proto-Crow-Hidatsa: *watá·
    • Crow: basáa
    • Hidatsa: watáa, matáa
  • Pre-Mandan: *ptą·re
    • Mandan: ptą́, ptą́re, ptą́roʔš (“it's autumn”)
  • Proto-Mississippi-Valley: *ptą́·-
    • Proto-Dakota: *ptą́-
    • Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere: *thą́·nį
      • Chiwere: čañi, thą́·ñį (“winter”)
      • Winnebago: čaanį́, caanį, cąąnį
    • Proto-Dhegiha: *htą́·
      • Omaha-Ponca: ttą· gáxðą
      • Kansa: ttą́dą (“mid-winter”)
      • Osage: 𐓱𐓘͘
      • Quapaw: pádettą (“winter”)
  • Proto-Ohio-Valley:
    • Proto-Tutelo-Saponi:
      • Tutelo: tāñyi

References

  • Robert L. Rankin, Richard T. Carter, A. Wesley Jones, John E. Koontz, David S. Rood, Iren Hartmann, editors (2015), “Entry #1146”, in Comparative Siouan Dictionary‎[1], Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
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