Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/rV-waʔ

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Reconstruction

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *rɣwjaɣ (Coblin, 1986), *(r-)wa (Schuessler, 2024)
- Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *k/r/s-wa, *rwa-s (Matisoff, STEDT); *r-wa (Benedict, 1972; Weidert, 1987)

The Chinese word family 隕 / 殞 / 霣 (“to fall, to die, to rain”) is said to represent a rare ST parallel stem *(r)we (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also 雲 / 云 (yún) (/*ɢʷən/, "cloud").

Compare Proto-Tai *kraːᴮ (“gust (of rain)”) (Thai ห่า (hàa), Lao ຮ່າ (hā)).

Noun

*rV-waʔ

rain

Verb

*rV-waʔ

to rain

Descendants

Chinese: (see there for further descendants)
- 雨 (OC *C.ɢʷaʔ (B-S), *ɢʷaʔ (ZS), “rain”)
- 雨 (OC *ɢʷaʔ-s (B-S), *ɢʷas (ZS), “to rain”)
- 雩 (OC *ɢʷa (B-S), *ɢʷla (ZS), “sacrifice with prayer and dance for rain”)
Proto-Ersuic: *rgwæ¹
- Ersu: ggwa
Naic
- Proto-Naish: *Swa
  - Naxi: heeq (/⁠hɯ²¹⁠/)
  - Narua: xieq (/⁠hi˩˥⁠/)
  - Laze: [Term?] (/⁠fi˧⁠/)
Lolo-Burmese
- Burmish
  - Burmese: ရွာ (rwa, “(of rain) to fall”)
  - Pela: ɣɔ⁵⁵
- Loloish
  - Northern Loloish
    - Yi (Liangshan): ꉐ (hxa, “rain”) (literary) (> ꂷꉐ (ma hxa, “rain”))
Proto-Bodo-Garo: *phwa¹
- Dimasa: ha (verb), hadi (noun)
- Garo: waa
- Kokborok: uama (verb), ⇒ uatwi (noun)
Proto-Kuki-Chin: *ruaʔ
- Northeastern
  - Siyin Chin: ngua
  - Tedim Chin: guah
  - Thado Chin: go
- Central
  - Falam Chin: ruah
  - Lai: ruah
  - Mizo: ruah
Proto-Central Naga: *rwa
- ⇒ Ao: (Chungli) tzünglu
Kiranti
- Western Kiranti
  - Khaling: वो़ (wö, “rain”)
  - Dumi: हु (hu, “rain”)
Newaric
- Newar: वा (wā)
Greater Magaric
- Chepang: वासा (“to fall (of rain)”), ⇒ तीःवा (“rainfall”)
Karbi: arve