Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/(t)sam

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Reconstruction

  • Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *sram (Coblin, 1986); *tsɑ̂m ~ sɑ̂m (Chou, 1972)
    • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *tsam ⪤ sam (Matisoff, STEDT; Michailovsky, 1991); *tsɑm (Chou, 1972); *tsam (Benedict, 1972); *tsâm / tsam / sâm (Weidert, 1987); *tsam (*A) (Coblin, 1986)

Noun

*(t)sam

  1. hair (of the head)

Descendants

  • Old Chinese: 彡, 髟 /*sˁram/ (Baxter-Sagart); /*sroːm, *slom/ (Zhengzhang Shangfang)
    • Middle Chinese: 彡, 髟 /ʃɣam, siᴇm/
      • Modern Mandarin
        • Beijing: 彡, 髟 ("long hair") (shān, /ʂan⁵⁵/)
  • Bodish
    • Tibetic
      • Tibetan: སམ་དལ (sam dal, “hair (of head)”), འག་ཚོམ ('ag tshom, “chin beard”), ཡར་སམ (yar sam, “hair (of head), moustache”)
  • rGyalrongic
    • West rGyalrongic
      • Tangut: 𗴸 (*tswa¹, “hair worn in a bun or coil”)
  • Lolo-Burmese
    • Burmish
      • Achang: cam (“hair (on the head)”)
      • Burmese: ဆံ (hcam, “hair (of head)”)
  • Proto-Kuki-Chin: *sham
    • Central
      • Mizo: sam (“hair (of the head)”)
  • Newaric
    • Classical Newar: [script needed] (śā)
    • Baram-Thangmi
      • Baraamu: स्याम्
  • Lepcha: ᰣᰦᰗᰩᰮ (ʔátsóm)

See also

  • *s/r-m(u/i/ja)l (“hair, fur, feather”)
  • *s-kra (“hair of head, head”)
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