Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/kalb-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

    Diakonoff argues that the *-b of the root is likely a fossilized nominal class suffix pertaining to “harmful animals”, comparing Proto-Semitic *ḏiʔb- (“wolf”) as well as *ʕaḳrab- (“scorpion”), *ṯaʕlab- (“fox”), *dubb- (“bear”) and *ʔarnab- (“hare”).[1], if *-b of the root is a fossilized suffix then it could possibly be cognate with Hausa kare which also means dog.

    Noun

    *kalb- m

    1. dog

    Inflection

    Declension of *kalb-
    case singular dual plural
    nominative *kalbum *kalbāna plural stem + *-ūna
    accusative *kalbam *kalbayna plural stem + *-īna
    genitive *kalbim
    possessive forms
    1st person *kalbī / *kalbVya — *kalbVni
    2nd person m *kalbVka *kalbVkumā / *kalbVkumay *kalbVkum(ū)
    2nd person f *kalbVki *kalbVkin(ā)
    3rd person m *kalbVšu *kalbVšumā / *kalbVšumay *kalbVšum(ū)
    3rd person f *kalbVša *kalbVšin(ā)

    the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *kalbuya for nom. case, *kalbiya for gen. case, *kalbaya for acc. case, etc.

    Descendants

    References

    • Militarev, Alexander; Kogan, Leonid (2000–2005), Semitic Etymological Dictionary, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag
    • Huehnergard, John (2019), “Proto-Semitic”, in John Huehnergard, Na'ama Pat-El, editors, The Semitic Languages, 2nd edition, Routledge, →ISBN
    1. ^ Diakonoff, Igor M. (1988), Afrasian Languages (Languages of Asia and Africa), Moscow: Nauka, page 57.
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